Manuscript lens · variant unit

Gal 4:7 — διὰ θεοῦ / θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ

Gal 4:7 · reading in

ὥστε οὐκέτι εἶ δοῦλος ἀλλὰ υἱός· εἰ δὲ υἱός, καὶ κληρονόμος διὰ θεοῦ.

BSB: “So you are no longer a slave, but a son; and since you are a son, you are also an heir through God.”

SBLGNT: SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT Apparatus sigla removed for display. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

διὰ θεοῦ

dia theou

an heir through God

ℵ* · A · B · C* · 17 · f · g · vg · cop · Clement · Basil

SBLGNTWHTregNA28 🔒︎Other

Alternative 1

θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ

theou dia Christou

an heir of God through Christ

ℵc · C³ · D · E · K · L · P · d · e · go · Didymus · Chrysostom · Euthalius (codd.) · Theodoret

ByzTR

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: διὰ θεοῦ
Confidence: high (team scale)
Significance: translation
Byz / TR: θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ — open RP2018

Editorial decision: print διὰ θεοῦ, with SBLGNT, WH, Treg, and NA28. Confidence high: ℵ* A B C* and the Vulgate and Coptic agree, and the longer reading fits Romans 8:17. Says On the printed text the son is an heir through God.

Evidence

7 sources

Editions: SBLGNT; RP2018 (Byz); Scrivener 1894 (TR). Treg and NA28 alignment follows the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 is cited by reference only. WH and Tischendorf are cited as printed (Tischendorf’s text is “Other”). Sigla: corrector notation follows Tischendorf, as explained in src.tischendorf-8.

The unit is the end of 4:7. SBLGNT, WH, Treg, and NA28 print κληρονόμος διὰ θεοῦ; RP and TR print κληρονόμος θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 645, leaf n652 (novumtestamentum02tisc)): the octava prints διὰ θεοῦ (Latin per deum) with ℵ in its first hand, A B, C in its first hand, 17, f g, vg, cop, Clement, and Basil. ς reads θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ with ℵ in a corrector’s hand, C in its third hand, D E K L P, most others, d e, go, Didymus (On the Trinity), Chrysostom, manuscripts of Euthalius, and Theodoret. Tischendorf’s entry ends with a reference to Romans 8:17.

WH (Westcott and Hort (1881; 1892 printing), p. 424, leaf n429 (newtestamentinor00west_0)) prints διὰ θεοῦ and has no margin reading here.

Minor variants (box lines): 4:14 ὑμῶν (SBLGNT, WH, Treg, NA28) / μου τὸν (RP, TR); 4:15 ποῦ (SBLGNT) / τίς (RP, TR); οὖν (SBLGNT) / οὖν ἦν (RP, TR); ἐξορύξαντες (SBLGNT) / ἐξορύξαντες ἂν (RP, TR); 4:18 δὲ (SBLGNT) / δὲ τὸ (RP, TR).

Internal: “Heir of God” with “through Christ” matches Romans 8:17; “through God” is the harder phrase.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain WH public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Gal 4:7 — διὰ θεοῦ / θεοῦ διὰ Χριστοῦ

Gal 4:7 · reading in

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