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A Confession of Faith. Put forth by the Elders and Brethren of many Congregations of Christians (baptized upon Profession of their Faith) in London and the Country ([London]: [s.n.], 1677; Wing C5794; ESTC R25352). Text from the EEBO-TCP keyed transcription A34255 (Union Theological Seminary copy, [11], 142 p.), released by the Text Creation Partnership under CC0 1.0. The 1677 text is public domain.

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G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922; public domain). TEI markup: translatable-exegetical-tools/Abbott-Smith (public domain).

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Henry Alford, The Greek Testament: with a Critically Revised Text, a Digest of Various Readings, Marginal References, Prolegomena, and a Critical and Exegetical Commentary, vol. 2: The Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles to the Romans and Corinthians, 5th ed. (London: Rivingtons; Cambridge: Deighton, Bell, 1865). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive greektestamentw02alfo (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy).

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[Ambrosiaster,] Commentaria in XIII epistolas beati Pauli: In epistolam ad Romanos, in J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Latina 17 (Paris, 1845), printed in the appendix to the works of St Ambrose (Maurist text). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive patrologiae_cursus_completus_lat_vol_017 (Google Books id aOEm_eS_ZOMC; IA licence: Public Domain Mark 1.0).

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A. Roberts, J. Donaldson, and A. C. Coxe, eds., The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 10 vols. (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885–1887). Public domain. Online at CCEL; also New Advent.

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Clement of Alexandria, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe (1885). Public domain; text at CCEL.

Hippolytus, Against the Heresy of One Noetus, trans. S. D. F. Salmond, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 5, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1886), pp. 223–231. Public domain; text at CCEL.

Irenaeus, Against Heresies, trans. Alexander Roberts and W. H. Rambaut, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885). Public domain; text at CCEL.

Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, trans. Marcus Dods and George Reith, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885). Public domain; text at CCEL.

Origen, Commentary on the Gospel of John, trans. Allan Menzies, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 9, ed. Allan Menzies (New York: Christian Literature Publishing, 1896). Public domain; text at CCEL.

Tertullian, On the Flesh of Christ, trans. Peter Holmes, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885). Public domain; text at CCEL.

Tertullian, Against Praxeas, trans. Peter Holmes, in The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3, ed. A. Roberts, J. Donaldson and A. C. Coxe (Buffalo: Christian Literature Publishing, 1885), pp. 597ff. Public domain; text at CCEL.

Apuleius, The Golden Ass, being the Metamorphoses of Lucius Apuleius, with an English translation by W. Adlington (1566), revised by S. Gaselee (Loeb Classical Library; London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons; first printed 1915, reprinted 1919, 1922, 1924). Public domain in the US (published before 1931). Scan: Internet Archive goldenassbeingme00apuluoft (1924 printing).

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The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas, literally translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province, second and revised edition (London: Burns Oates & Washbourne, 1920–). Public domain in the US (published before 1931). Online: New Advent, CCEL (ccel.org/ccel/aquinas/summa).

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Aristotle, The Art of Rhetoric, trans. J. H. Freese (Loeb, 1926; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
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Confessio Fidei exhibita invictissimo Imperatori Carolo V. … in Comitiis Augustae, anno 1530 (Augsburg Confession), Latin text with English translation and German insertions in brackets, in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, vol. 3: The Evangelical Protestant Creeds (New York: Harper & Brothers; copyright 1877; 4th ed. revised and enlarged). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive creedschristendo03scha.

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Wilhelm Baldensperger, Der Prolog des vierten Evangeliums: Sein polemisch-apologetischer Zweck (Freiburg: J. C. B. Mohr, 1898). Public domain by date.

Albert Barnes, Notes on the Epistle to the Romans, Explanatory and Practical (Edinburgh: Gall & Inglis, [1846]; first published New York, 1834). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive notesonepistleto00barniala (University of California Libraries copy).

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Brown, Driver, Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906; public domain). Digital edition: Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible Project, HebrewLexicon (https://github.com/openscriptures/HebrewLexicon), CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The Belgic Confession (Guy de Brès, 1561; revised Dort 1619), English translation authorized by the Reformed (Dutch) Church in America (made from the Latin), with the French text, in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 3. Public domain.

John Albert Bengel, Gnomon of the New Testament, now first translated into English, with notes, ed. Andrew R. Fausset, vol. 3, containing the commentary on Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians, translated by James Bryce (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1859), from the 1759 second edition. Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive gnomonofnewtesta03beng (University of Illinois copy).

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Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton, The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament, according to the Vatican text, translated into English (London: Bagster, 1844); with the Apocrypha, 1851. Public domain; electronic text from eBible.org (eng-Brenton, 'Published in 1851, and now in the Public Domain').

E. W. Brooks, Joseph and Asenath: The Confession and Prayer of Asenath, Daughter of Pentephres the Priest, Translations of Early Documents, Series II: Hellenistic-Jewish Texts (London: SPCK; New York: Macmillan, 1918). Public domain in the US (published 1918).

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked. Brooks d. 1955, so also PD in life+70 jurisdictions from 1 Jan 2026.
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The Holy Bible, Berean Standard Bible, BSB is produced in cooperation with Bible Hub, Discovery Bible, OpenBible.com, and the Berean Bible Translation Committee. This text of God's Word has been dedicated to the public domain.

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W. W. Buckland, The Roman Law of Slavery: The Condition of the Slave in Private Law from Augustus to Justinian (Cambridge: at the University Press, 1908). Public domain (published 1908; Buckland d. 1946). Scan: Internet Archive romanlawofslaver0000wwbu.

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Rudolf Bultmann, Der Stil der paulinischen Predigt und die kynisch-stoische Diatribe, FRLANT 13 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1910). Public domain in the US by date (published 1910). Scan: Internet Archive derstilderpaulin00bultuoft.

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F. Crawford Burkitt, ed., Evangelion da-Mepharreshe: The Curetonian Version of the Four Gospels, with the readings of the Sinai Palimpsest and the early Syriac Patristic evidence, vol. 1, Text (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1904). Public domain.

Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, Byzantine Textform 2005. Public domain ('Public Domain. Copy freely.').

Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2018. Public domain (Unlicense).

John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, trans. Henry Beveridge (Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1845). Public domain; text at CCEL.

John Calvin, Commentaries on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans, translated and edited by the Rev. John Owen (Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1849). Public domain; text from the Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL calcom38, 'Rights: Public Domain').

Cassius Dio, Roman History, trans. Earnest Cary, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 7 (London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1924). Public domain in the US by date (published 1924). Digital text: LacusCurtius.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Symbolum Chalcedonense (451), Greek, Latin and English, in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 2. Public domain; text at CCEL.

R. H. Charles, ed., The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon, 1913). Public domain by date (US). Vol. 2 (Pseudepigrapha) on Internet Archive (University of Toronto copy).

R. H. Charles, ed., The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament in English, vol. 1: Apocrypha (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1913). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive apocryphapseudep01charuoft (Robarts Library, University of Toronto copy).

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• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked. Charles d. 1931; some vol. 1 contributors died later (Oesterley 1950), so check life+70 per book outside the US.

R. H. Charles, ed., The Greek Versions of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, edited from nine MSS. together with the variants of the Armenian and Slavonic versions and some Hebrew fragments (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive greekversionste00chargoog (University of California copy, Google scan).

Cicero, De re publica; De legibus, with an English translation by Clinton Walker Keyes, Loeb Classical Library 213 (London: Heinemann; Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1928). Public domain in the US (published 1928). Scan: Internet Archive cicero-in-28-volumes.-vol.-16-loeb-213 (from HathiTrust uc1.32106005388290).

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked. Published 1928 (US term ended 31 Dec 2023); Keyes d. 1943, PD under life+70 too.

Clement of Alexandria, Excerpta ex Theodoto, ed. O. Stählin (GCS 17, 1909; public domain). Digital text: First1KGreek (Open Greek and Latin), tlg0555.tlg007.1st1K-grc1. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/First1KGreek

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Symbolum Quicunque (Athanasian Creed), Latin and English, in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 2. Public domain; text at CCEL.

Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum (381), in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 2, pp. 57–59 (Greek received text; Latin of Dionysius Exiguus; Western received form with English); English also in vol. 1, pp. 28–29. Public domain; text at CCEL.

Symbolum Nicaenum (325), Greek text and Latin version of Hilary, in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 2, pp. 60–61; English in vol. 1, pp. 28–29. Public domain; text at CCEL.

G. Adolf Deissmann, Bible Studies: Contributions Chiefly from Papyri and Inscriptions to the History of the Language, the Literature, and the Religion of Hellenistic Judaism and Primitive Christianity, authorised translation by Alexander Grieve (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1901). Public domain in the US by date (1901); Deissmann d. 1937. Scan: Internet Archive biblestudiescont00deisuoft (Robarts, University of Toronto copy).

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Adolf Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East: The New Testament Illustrated by Recently Discovered Texts of the Graeco-Roman World, trans. Lionel R. M. Strachan (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1910). Public domain in the US by date; Deissmann died 1937.

Adolf Deissmann, St. Paul: A Study in Social and Religious History, trans. Lionel R. M. Strachan (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1912). Public domain in the US by date; Deissmann died 1937.

Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, trans. R. D. Hicks (Loeb, 1925; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
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John Jeffrey Dodson, A Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (public domain); XML by biblicalhumanities (CC0 1.0).

Epictetus, The Discourses as Reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments, trans. W. A. Oldfather, Loeb Classical Library, 2 vols. (London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1925-1928). Public domain in the US by date (vol. 2, 1928). Digital text: Wikisource (transcribed from the 1928 scan).

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Epiphanius, Ancoratus und Panarion, ed. Karl Holl, 3 vols., GCS 25 (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1915), 31 (1922), 37 (1933). Vols. 1–2 public domain in the US by date (Holl d. 1926); vol. 3 (1933) is NOT yet PD in the US (URAA-restored; 95 years, PD from 2029). English: Frank Williams, The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book I (Sects 1–46), 2nd ed., NHMS 63 (Leiden: Brill, 2009); Books II–III, 2nd ed., NHMS 79 (2013). Williams: reference-only unless its open-access licence is confirmed.

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J. W. Etheridge, trans., The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch, with the Fragments of the Jerusalem Targum, 2 vols. (London: Longman, Green, 1862–1865). Public domain.

Gai Institutiones, or Institutes of Roman Law by Gaius, with a translation and commentary by the late Edward Poste, M.A., 4th ed. revised and enlarged by E. A. Whittuck, with an historical introduction by A. H. J. Greenidge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1904). Public domain (published 1904). Scan: Internet Archive gaiinstitutiones00gaiuuoft.

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F. Godet, Commentary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, translated from the French by A. Cusin, 2 vols., Clark's Foreign Theological Library, new series, vols. 2 and 6 (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1880–1881); American ed. revised by Talbot W. Chambers (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1883). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive commentaryonsrom01godeuoft (vol. 1, University of Toronto, Robarts Library copy).

Caspar René Gregory, Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments, Versuche und Entwürfe 2 (Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1908). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive diegriechischenh00greg (Wellesley College Library copy).

Constantinus Tischendorf, Novum Testamentum Graece, editio octava critica maior, vol. 3: Prolegomena scripsit Caspar Renatus Gregory, additis curis Ezrae Abbot, 3 parts (Lipsiae: J. C. Hinrichs, 1884, 1890, 1894; continuous pagination). Public domain; scans: Internet Archive p1novumtestamentum03tiscuoft (part 1), p2novumtestamentum03tiscuoft (part 2), novumtestamentu01abbogoog (part 3).

Robert Haldane, Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans, with remarks on the commentaries of Dr. MacKnight, Professor Moses Stuart, and Professor Tholuck (Edinburgh: W. Whyte, 1835–1839; 3 vols.); one-volume ed. London: W. Oliphant, 1874. Public domain; scan: Internet Archive expositionofthee00halduoft (1874).

W. Heitmüller, Taufe und Abendmahl bei Paulus: Darstellung und religionsgeschichtliche Beleuchtung (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1903). Public domain (published 1903; Heitmüller d. 1926). Scan: Internet Archive taufeundabendma00heitgoog (Google scan, Andover Theological Seminary copy).

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Herodotus, trans. A. D. Godley (Loeb, vol. 1, 1920; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
• The underlying translation/edition is PD in the US, so a faithful transcription adds little or no copyright of its own; the BY-SA notice is still shown because we took the wording from Perseus.
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• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Charles Hodge, Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, new edition, revised and in great measure rewritten (Philadelphia: W. S. & A. Martien, 1864; 1st ed. Philadelphia: Grigg & Elliot, 1835). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive commentaryonepis00hodgiala.

• PD. Check the subtitle and any quoted wording on the 1864 title page/scan before display (title page not yet viewed).

Transcriptions of the Gospel according to John by the International Greek New Testament Project (IGNTP), ITSEE, University of Birmingham (www.iohannes.com). Licensed under CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Changes made by Tom Sipe's Bible Scholarship & Tools Team, if any, are noted.

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Isidore of Pelusium, Epistolarum libri quinque, in J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Graeca 78 (Paris, 1860/1864). Public domain.

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Flavius Josephus, Against Apion, trans. William Whiston (1737). Public domain; Project Gutenberg eBook #2849.

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Flavii Iosephi opera, edidit et apparatu critico instruxit Benedictus Niese, vol. 4: Antiquitatum Iudaicarum libri XVI–XX (Berolini: Weidmann, 1890). Public domain (Niese d. 1910). Scan: Internet Archive gr-niese-4-1880 (IA licence: Public Domain Mark 1.0).

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Flavius Josephus, The Wars of the Jews, trans. William Whiston (1737). Public domain. Text: Project Gutenberg eBook #2850.

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Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, trans. William Whiston (1737). Public domain; Project Gutenberg eBook #2848.

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Juvenal and Persius, trans. G. G. Ramsay, Loeb Classical Library (London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1918). Public domain by date. Digital text: tertullian.org (Roger Pearse), Satires 2 and 15.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

John Peter Lange and F. R. Fay, The Epistle of Paul to the Romans, translated from the German by J. F. Hurst, with additions by Philip Schaff and M. B. Riddle (A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures, ed. J. P. Lange; New York: Charles Scribner & Co., 1869). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive epistleofpaultor00lang (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy).

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J. B. Lightfoot, Notes on Epistles of St Paul from Unpublished Commentaries, ed. J. R. Harmer (London: Macmillan, 1895). Covers 1–2 Thessalonians, 1 Corinthians 1–7, Romans 1–7, Ephesians 1:1–14. Public domain; scan: Internet Archive notesonepistles00lighuoft.

Martin Luther, Preface to the Letter of St. Paul to the Romans, trans. Bro. Andrew Thornton, OSB, for the Saint Anselm College Humanities Program, © 1983 Saint Anselm Abbey; used with attribution (Project Wittenberg).

• The grant, quoted word for word from the Project Wittenberg file (re-read 2026-10-29): “This translation was made by Bro. Andrew Thornton, OSB, for the Saint Anselm College Humanities Program. (c)1983 by Saint Anselm Abbey. This translation may be used freely with proper attribution.” It covers public use; the attribution line goes with every quotation.
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Martin Luther, Ein sendbrief D. M. Luthers. Von Dolmetzschen und Fürbit der heiligenn (1530), in D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Bd. 30, Abt. 2 (Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1909), pp. 627–646 (editors' introduction pp. 627 ff.; Luther's text pp. 632–646). Luther d. 1546; the 1909 volume is public domain in the US by date. Scan: Internet Archive dmartinlutherswe1302luth (Getty Research Institute copy).

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• English translations (LW 35; Gary Mann / Project Wittenberg; Marlowe) are copyrighted: never display them. Philadelphia ed. vol. 5 (Jacobs, 1931) is not PD in the US before 1 Jan 2027.

Martin Luther, Der kleine Katechismus / Enchiridion, or Small Catechism (1529), German text with English translation, in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, vol. 3: The Evangelical Protestant Creeds (New York: Harper & Brothers; copyright 1877; 4th ed. revised and enlarged). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive creedschristendo03scha.

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H. B. Swete, ed., The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1887–1894). Public domain; wording read on the printed pages (archive.org scans). LXX numbering from Swete via the First1KGreek digital text (Open Greek and Latin Project, University of Leipzig; per-word files by Nathan D. Smith, https://github.com/nathans/lxx-swete).

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Martial, Epigrams, trans. Walter C. A. Ker, Loeb Classical Library, 2 vols. (London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1919–1920). Public domain in the US by date. Scans: Internet Archive martialepigrams01martiala (vol. 1) and epigramswithengl02martuoft (vol. 2).

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Mekhilta de-Rabbi Ishmael via Sefaria (https://www.sefaria.org): Hebrew 'Beeri Edition, Koren, Jerusalem, 2019', CC BY-NC (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/); English 'Mechilta, translated by Rabbi Shraga Silverstein', CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Heinrich August Wilhelm Meyer, Critical and Exegetical Handbook to the Epistle to the Romans, translated from the fifth German edition by John C. Moore and Edwin Johnson, revised and edited by William P. Dickson, vol. 1 (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark; IA date 1881). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive criticalexeg00meye (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy).

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Mishnah, Hebrew text, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913 (National Library of Israel NNL_ALEPH001741739), digital text via Sefaria (version 'Mishnah, ed. Romm, Vilna 1913', licence: Public Domain).

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MorphGNT: SBLGNT Edition, ed. J. K. Tauber, https://github.com/morphgnt/sblgnt (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.376200). Morphology and lemmas licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/); SBLGNT text CC BY 4.0 (SBL and Logos Bible Software).

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H. C. G. Moule, ed., The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans, with introduction and notes, Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (Cambridge: University Press, 1879; this scan a reprint dated 1891). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive epistlepaulapos00moulgoog.

Augustine, A Treatise Against Two Letters of the Pelagians, trans. Robert Ernest Wallis, revised by Benjamin B. Warfield, in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, [First Series,] vol. 5: Saint Augustin: Anti-Pelagian Writings, ed. Philip Schaff (New York: The Christian Literature Company, 1887). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive selectlibraryofn05auguuoft (Robarts Library, University of Toronto copy).

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Augustine, Tractates on the Gospel of John, trans. John Gibb (Tractates 1–37) and James Innes (38–124), in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 7, ed. P. Schaff (New York: Christian Literature Publishing, 1888). Public domain; text at CCEL.

Augustine, On Marriage and Concupiscence, trans. Peter Holmes, rev. Benjamin B. Warfield, in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, [First Series,] vol. 5: Saint Augustin: Anti-Pelagian Writings, ed. Philip Schaff (New York: The Christian Literature Company, 1887). Public domain.

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Augustine, A Treatise on the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins, and on the Baptism of Infants, trans. Peter Holmes, revised by Benjamin B. Warfield, in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, [First Series,] vol. 5: Saint Augustin: Anti-Pelagian Writings, ed. Philip Schaff (New York: The Christian Literature Company, 1887). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive selectlibraryofn05auguuoft (Robarts Library, University of Toronto copy).

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Augustine, A Treatise on the Spirit and the Letter, trans. Peter Holmes, revised by Benjamin B. Warfield, in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, [First Series,] vol. 5: Saint Augustin: Anti-Pelagian Writings, ed. Philip Schaff (New York: The Christian Literature Company, 1887). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive selectlibraryofn05auguuoft (Robarts Library, University of Toronto copy); text also at CCEL npnf105.

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John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Gospel of St. John, Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1848–1852; Homilies 1–41 trans. G. T. Stupart, ed. Charles Marriott), revised with additional notes in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 14, ed. P. Schaff (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1890). Public domain.

The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle of St. Paul the Apostle to the Romans, translated by J. B. Morris and W. H. Simcox, revised with notes by George B. Stevens, in A Select Library of the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, [First Series,] vol. 11, ed. Philip Schaff (Buffalo: Christian Literature Co., 1889). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive aselectlibrary11unknuoft (Trinity College, University of Toronto copy).

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Eusebius, Church History, trans. Arthur Cushman McGiffert, in Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 1, ed. P. Schaff and H. Wace (New York: Christian Literature Publishing, 1890). Public domain.

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Wilhelm Dittenberger, ed., Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones Selectae, 2 vols. (Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1903-1905). Public domain by date. Scan: archive.org (orientisgraeciin02dittuoft).

Targum Onkelos (Aramaic), Sefaria versions 'Onkelos Genesis'…'Onkelos Deuteronomy', source Torat Emet (http://toratemetfreeware.com/); public domain via Sefaria (https://www.sefaria.org).

• Traditional printed vocalization with no named base edition: do not present it as a critical text (Sperber is copyrighted and not used).

Targum Onkelos, Metsudah Publications (2009) via Sefaria (https://www.sefaria.org): 'Sifsei Chachomim Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009' and 'Metsudah Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009 [with Onkelos translation]'. CC BY-NC (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).

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Cross references from OpenBible.info (https://www.openbible.info/labs/cross-references/), licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Origen, Commentaria in Epistolam B. Pauli ad Romanos, Latin translation by Rufinus, in J.-P. Migne, Patrologiae cursus completus, Series Graeca 14 (Paris, 1857/1862). Public domain. English (copyrighted, reference-only): Origen, Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, Books 1–5, trans. Thomas P. Scheck, FC 103 (Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 2001), ISBN 0-8132-0103-9; Books 6–10, FC 104 (2002), ISBN 0-8132-0104-7.

• Display only the PG 14 Latin (PD), read on the page image of the pinned scan archive.org patrologiae_cursus_completus_gr_vol_014 (pinned 2026-10-29 in library/romans2.locators.md; the record URL is still a search).
• Scheck's English (FC 103/104) is copyrighted: never display it.

Alexander Souter, ed., Pelagius's Expositions of Thirteen Epistles of St Paul, Texts and Studies 9: vol. 1 Introduction (1922), vol. 2 Text and Apparatus Criticus (1926), vol. 3 Pseudo-Jerome Interpolations (1931) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Text cited from vol. 2 (1926), public domain in the US by publication date; Souter d. 1949. Scan: Internet Archive com_20200407 (Kraus Reprint, Nendeln/Liechtenstein, 1967, 3 vols. in 1; Claremont School of Theology copy).

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• de Bruyn's English translation (Oxford 1993) is copyrighted: never display it.

Petronius, trans. Michael Heseltine; Seneca, Apocolocyntosis, trans. W. H. D. Rouse, Loeb Classical Library (London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1913; IA scan of the 1925 reprint). Public domain in the US by date.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Philo, De posteritate Caini, ed. P. Wendland (Berlin: Reimer, 1897; public domain). Digital text: First1KGreek (Open Greek and Latin), tlg0018.tlg006.1st1K-grc1. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin/First1KGreek

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Philonis Alexandrini opera quae supersunt, ediderunt Leopoldus Cohn et Paulus Wendland, vol. 4, ed. Leopoldus Cohn (Berolini: Typis et impensis Georgii Reimeri, 1902). Public domain (1902; Cohn d. 1915). Scan: Internet Archive philonisalexandr0004leop.

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Philo of Alexandria, The Works of Philo Judaeus, trans. C. D. Yonge, 4 vols. (London: H. G. Bohn, 1854–1855). Public domain. Scan: archive.org (worksphilojudaeu01philuoft, vol. 1).

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Plato, Platonis Opera, ed. J. Burnet (Oxford, 1900–1907; public domain). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
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Plato, Laws, trans. R. G. Bury (Loeb, 1926; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
• The underlying translation/edition is PD in the US, so a faithful transcription adds little or no copyright of its own; the BY-SA notice is still shown because we took the wording from Perseus.
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• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

T. Macci Plauti Comoediae, ex recensione Georgii Goetz et Friderici Schoell, fasc. 1: Amphitruonem, Asinariam, Aululariam complectens (Leipzig: Teubner, 1893), Teubner editio minor. Public domain by date (editors d. 1932 and 1919). Scan: Internet Archive tmacciplauticomo01plau (Boston College Library copy).

Polybius, The Histories, with an English translation by W. R. Paton, in six volumes, vol. 3 (Loeb Classical Library; London: William Heinemann; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1923). Public domain in the US (published 1923). Scan: Internet Archive polybiushistorie0000wrpa_j3y3.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.
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B. P. Grenfell and A. S. Hunt, eds., The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Part II (London: Egypt Exploration Fund, Graeco-Roman Branch, 1899), no. CCIX (209), pp. 8–9 and Plate II. Public domain; scan: Internet Archive oxyrhynchuspapyr02gren (Harold B. Lee Library, BYU copy). Manuscript: Cambridge, MA, Harvard University, Houghton Library MS Gr SM 2218 (formerly Semitic Museum inv. 2218).

R. Reitzenstein, Die hellenistischen Mysterienreligionen: ihre Grundgedanken und Wirkungen. Vortrag gehalten in dem Wissenschaftlichen Predigerverein für Elsass-Lothringen den 11. November 1909 (Leipzig und Berlin: B. G. Teubner, 1910). Public domain (published 1910; Reitzenstein d. 1931). Scan: Internet Archive diehellenistisch0000rich_z3t2.

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Herbert Edward Ryle and Montague Rhodes James, ΨΑΛΜΟΙ ΣΟΛΟΜΩΝΤΟΣ. Psalms of the Pharisees, commonly called the Psalms of Solomon: the text newly revised from all the MSS., edited with introduction, English translation, notes, appendix and indices (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1891). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive psalmsofthephari00unknuoft (Robarts Library, University of Toronto copy).

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William Sanday and Arthur C. Headlam, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans, International Critical Commentary (Edinburgh: T&T Clark; New York: Scribner, 1895; 5th ed. 1902). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive criticalexegetic00sand_0 (New York: Scribner, 1922 printing).

• Text is PD (all editions before 1931). Pinned scan is a 1922 printing of an unconfirmed edition: give edition and page as read on that scan, not '5th ed.', until its title page is checked.

SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT

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Seneca, Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales, trans. Richard M. Gummere, Loeb Classical Library, vol. 1 (London: Heinemann; New York: Putnam, 1917). Public domain. Digital text: Wikisource.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

William G. T. Shedd, A Critical and Doctrinal Commentary upon the Epistle of St. Paul to the Romans (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1879). Public domain; scan: Internet Archive criticaldoctrina00shed.

Sifrei Bamidbar, Hebrew text from Hebrew Wikisource (https://he.wikisource.org/wiki/ספרי) via Sefaria (https://www.sefaria.org), version 'Wikisource', CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

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Sophocles, Antigone, trans. R. C. Jebb (Cambridge, 1891; public domain). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
• The underlying translation/edition is PD in the US, so a faithful transcription adds little or no copyright of its own; the BY-SA notice is still shown because we took the wording from Perseus.
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• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

A. Souter, A Study of Ambrosiaster, Texts and Studies 7.4 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1905). Public domain (published 1905; Souter d. 1949). Scan: Internet Archive studyofambrosias00soutuoft (PIMS, University of Toronto copy).

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked. Souter d. 1949, so PD in life+70 countries since 2020.

"STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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"STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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• Its 'LXX additions' from the BHS/BHK apparatus must be checked before display; the WLC base is PD, but BHS/BHK apparatus wording is copyrighted.

"STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

• Credit 'STEP Bible' linked to https://www.STEPBible.org on every page that shows the data; note any changes we made to the data; also link the data repository (https://github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data or https://stepbible.github.io/STEPBible-Data/), as the STEP User Guide asks. Rendering tags, lemmas, glosses or mappings inside our pages is 'include any part of this data in software or publications', which the header and README expressly allow; what the header's 'Please do not redistribute it yourself' asks us not to do is to offer the data files (or a bulk export/API dump of them) for download: point people to the STEPBible repository instead. That request is a courtesy layered on CC BY 4.0 (CC BY §2(a)(5)(B) forbids adding restrictions downstream), but we honour it.
• Display only definitions traced to Abbott-Smith (PD) or Middle Liddell (1889, PD). Gaps 'filled from billmounce.com' (Teknia, copyrighted) must not be displayed.

"STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

• Credit 'STEP Bible' linked to https://www.STEPBible.org on every page that shows the data; note any changes we made to the data; also link the data repository (https://github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data or https://stepbible.github.io/STEPBible-Data/), as the STEP User Guide asks. Rendering tags, lemmas, glosses or mappings inside our pages is 'include any part of this data in software or publications', which the header and README expressly allow; what the header's 'Please do not redistribute it yourself' asks us not to do is to offer the data files (or a bulk export/API dump of them) for download: point people to the STEPBible repository instead. That request is a courtesy layered on CC BY 4.0 (CC BY §2(a)(5)(B) forbids adding restrictions downstream), but we honour it.
• Versification mappings only (facts); still credit STEP Bible.

Strabo, Geography, trans. H. L. Jones (Loeb, 1917–1932; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
• The underlying translation/edition is PD in the US, so a faithful transcription adds little or no copyright of its own; the BY-SA notice is still shown because we took the wording from Perseus.
• Alternative that avoids BY-SA entirely: quote the PD translation from a scan of the printed Loeb volume and cite the printed edition (the ShareAlike attaches only to Perseus's digitization). The XML download carries an extra request to offer Perseus any modifications.
• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Moses Stuart, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans: with a Translation and Various Excursus (London: printed for T. Tegg, 1836; American 2nd ed. Andover 1835). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive commentaryonep00stua (Princeton Theological Seminary Library copy).

• Display wording only after it has been checked on the pinned page image (not OCR); cite edition and page.

Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars, trans. J. C. Rolfe, Loeb Classical Library (London: Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1914). Public domain by date. Digital text: LacusCurtius (Bill Thayer).

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Annals of Tacitus, trans. Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (London: Macmillan, 1906 printing). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive annalstacitustr00brodgoog.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

The History of Tacitus, trans. Alfred John Church and William Jackson Brodribb (London and New York: Macmillan, 1894 printing). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive historyoftacitus00taci.

• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Text: AISBT (AI Synthesized Bible Tools), licensed CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

• Licence decided by Tom: 'Use CC BY 4.0 for the team's work' (Tom, Paul's chat, 2026-10-29 07:31 EDT); recorded as STYLE_GUIDE L20. Credit as 'AISBT (AI Synthesized Bible Tools)'.
• Third-party text quoted inside team content keeps its own licence and attribution per its record here; reference-only sources are never quoted (L20).
• Any BY-SA quotation must be a short, verbatim, marked excerpt with its own BY-SA notice, so the surrounding team text stays CC BY; anything adapted from a BY-SA source must be paraphrased in our own words instead (L20, §2.3).

Articles of Religion (Church of England), English text of 1571 with the Latin of 1563, as in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 3 (after Hardwick, History of the Articles of Religion, 1859). Public domain.

Constantinus Tischendorf, Novum Testamentum Graece ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit apparatum criticum omni studio perfectum apposuit commentationem isagogicam praetexuit, editio octava critica maior, vol. 1 (Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient, 1869); vol. 2 (1872). Public domain; scans: Internet Archive novumtestamentum01tisc and novumtestamentum02tisc (Wellesley College Library).

• Display wording only after it has been checked on the pinned page image (not OCR); cite edition and page. The apparatus OCR is unreliable; Rom 1 readings are in library/tischendorf8.Rom.1.md.
• Tisch. Paul 15 is a lost minuscule with no GA number: do not show a GA number for it.

F. H. A. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (1894); public domain. Accents: "STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

• The unaccented base text is PD; the accented layer is rebuilt from STEPBible TAGNT, so wherever accented text is shown the STEP Bible credit is required and the derivation (our rebuild) must be stated.
• Credit 'STEP Bible' linked to https://www.STEPBible.org on every page that shows the data; note any changes we made to the data; also link the data repository (https://github.com/STEPBible/STEPBible-Data or https://stepbible.github.io/STEPBible-Data/), as the STEP User Guide asks. Rendering tags, lemmas, glosses or mappings inside our pages is 'include any part of this data in software or publications', which the header and README expressly allow; what the header's 'Please do not redistribute it yourself' asks us not to do is to offer the data files (or a bulk export/API dump of them) for download: point people to the STEPBible repository instead. That request is a courtesy layered on CC BY 4.0 (CC BY §2(a)(5)(B) forbids adding restrictions downstream), but we honour it.

Canones et decreta Concilii Tridentini, Sessio Sexta (13 January 1547), Decretum de justificatione, Latin with English translation (Schaff follows the English of J. Waterworth, The Canons and Decrees of the Sacred and Oecumenical Council of Trent, London: Dolman, 1848, revised), in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, vol. 2: The Greek and Latin Creeds (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896; copyright 1877), pp. 89-118. Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive creedschristendo02scha; e-text CCEL creeds2.v.i.i.iv.

• Display wording only after it has been checked on the pinned page image (not OCR); cite edition and page. Schaff's English is his own (after Waterworth 1848, revised).
• Pinned printing: Schaff vol. 2, Harper 1896 (copyright 1877), archive.org creedschristendo02scha; cite 'Schaff 2:page' of that printing. CCEL's creeds2 follows a later reprint of the 6th edition (copyright 1877; 1905, 1919 by D. S. Schaff; US PD by date): use it only with its wording checked against the 1896 scan.

Canones et decreta Concilii Tridentini, Sessio Septima (3 March 1547), Decretum de sacramentis: canones de sacramentis in genere; de baptismo; de confirmatione, Latin with English translation (Schaff's English follows J. Waterworth, 1848, revised), in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, vol. 2: The Greek and Latin Creeds (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896; copyright 1877). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive creedschristendo02scha.

• Display wording only after it has been checked on the pinned page image (not OCR); cite edition and page. Schaff's English is his own (Trent: after Waterworth 1848, revised); cite 'Schaff vol:page'.
• Pinned printing: Schaff vol. 2, Harper 1896 (copyright 1877), archive.org creedschristendo02scha; cite 'Schaff 2:page' of that printing. CCEL's creeds2 follows a later reprint of the 6th edition (copyright 1877; 1905, 1919 by D. S. Schaff; US PD by date): use it only with its wording checked against the 1896 scan.

Unmodified quotation: “Tyndale Open Study Notes, Copyright © 2022 by Tyndale House Publishers, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).” Modified/abridged/translated material (wording prescribed by the README): “Adapted from Tyndale Open Study Notes. The original work by Tyndale House Publishers is available for free at http://www.tyndaleopenresources.com.” plus a statement of what we changed.

• Verbatim quotation: show it unmodified, clearly marked as a quotation, with the notice and a link to the license; our surrounding commentary stays our own (a collection/juxtaposition, not Adapted Material).
• Anything edited, abridged, merged, re-worded or translated from it is Adapted Material: share that adapted text under the same CC BY-SA license (or later / compatible), say what was changed, and keep it visually separate from our own prose.
• NLT: the notes' lemma excerpts quote the New Living Translation (© Tyndale House Foundation). Treat those words as NLT quotations, not CC material: mark them (NLT), keep within the NLT permission (≤500 verses, <25% of the work, no complete book; commentary 'produced for commercial sale' needs written permission), and carry the NLT credit line on the credits page: “Scripture quotations marked (NLT) are taken from the Holy Bible, New Living Translation, copyright © 1996, 2004, 2015 by Tyndale House Foundation. Used by permission of Tyndale House Publishers, Carol Stream, Illinois 60188. All rights reserved.”
• Known defects (malformed cross-references): quote only checked notes.

Unmodified quotation: “unfoldingWord® Translation Notes, Copyright © 2026 by unfoldingWord, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)” (commit cited). Modified material: remove the unfoldingWord® name and use the prescribed line “The original work by unfoldingWord is available from unfoldingword.org/utn”, state the changes, and license the adaptation CC BY-SA 4.0.

• Verbatim quotation: show it unmodified, clearly marked as a quotation, with the notice and a link to the license; our surrounding commentary stays our own (a collection/juxtaposition, not Adapted Material).
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• Pin and cite the commit hash (master moves daily).

Unmodified quotation: “unfoldingWord® Translation Words (with Translation Word Links), Copyright © 2026 by unfoldingWord, CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)” (commit cited). Modified material: remove the unfoldingWord® name and use the prescribed line “The original work by unfoldingWord is available from unfoldingword.org/utw”, state the changes, and license the adaptation CC BY-SA 4.0.

• Verbatim quotation: show it unmodified, clearly marked as a quotation, with the notice and a link to the license; our surrounding commentary stays our own (a collection/juxtaposition, not Adapted Material).
• Anything edited, abridged, merged, re-worded or translated from it is Adapted Material: share that adapted text under the same CC BY-SA license (or later / compatible), say what was changed, and keep it visually separate from our own prose.
• Trademark: an unmodified copy keeps the unfoldingWord® trademark intact; any modified copy must NOT carry the unfoldingWord name or logo (written permission needed).
• Pin and cite the commit hash (master moves daily).

Constitutio dogmatica de fide catholica 'Dei Filius', Vatican Council, Session III, 24 April 1870. Latin from Acta et decreta … Concilii Vaticani (Friburgi Brisgoviae, 1871), fasc. 2, pp. 170–179; English from H. E. Manning, Petri Privilegium (London, 1871), part 3, pp. 192–203; both as printed in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, vol. 2: The Greek and Latin Creeds (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1896; copyright 1877), pp. 234 ff. Public domain.

• Display wording only after it has been checked on the pinned page image (not OCR); cite edition and page. Latin from Acta et Decreta (1871), English from Manning (1871), both PD.
• Pinned printing: Schaff vol. 2, Harper 1896 (copyright 1877), archive.org creedschristendo02scha; cite 'Schaff 2:page' of that printing. CCEL's creeds2 follows a later reprint of the 6th edition (copyright 1877; 1905, 1919 by D. S. Schaff; US PD by date): use it only with its wording checked against the 1896 scan.

Geerhardus Vos, 'The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit', in Biblical and Theological Studies by the Members of the Faculty of Princeton Theological Seminary (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1912), pp. 209–259. Public domain; scan: Internet Archive biblicaltheologi00prin.

The Humble Advice of the Assembly of Divines … concerning a Confession of Faith (completed Dec. 1646; with proofs, 1647). Text as in Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical Notes, 3 vols. (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1877; 6th ed. rev. David S. Schaff, 1919), vol. 3, from the Edinburgh 1647 reprint (Evan Tyler). Public domain.

• PD. Schaff's text inserts the American revisions in italics: when quoting the 1646 original, use the non-italic readings and check them against the 1647 Edinburgh scan.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament (London: Printed by William Bowyer, 1755). Public domain (published 1755; Wesley d. 1791). Scan: Internet Archive bim_eighteenth-century_explanatory-notes-upon-t_1755 (Internet Archive microfilm digitization of the British Museum/British Library copy, shelfmark 3051.dd.8; ESTC T94469).

• Display wording only after it has been checked on the pinned page image (not OCR); cite edition and page. Quote the 1755 first edition and cite page and leaf (e.g. 'Wesley, Notes (1755), p. 394, n407'): the Romans pagination is irregular.
• Wesley revised the Notes from 1760: CCEL (wesley/notes, DC.Rights 'Public Domain') and other later texts may differ from 1755; use them only with the wording checked against the 1755 scan.
• The page images are an Internet Archive microfilm digitization of the British Library copy: link to the IA page; do not re-host the images.

Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort, The New Testament in the Original Greek (Cambridge and London; New York: Macmillan and Co., text 1881; scanned printing 1892). Public domain. Scan: Internet Archive newtestamentinor00west_0.

• PD (text 1881; pinned scan the 1892 Macmillan printing). Standard attribution: 'Westcott & Hort, p. N (1892 printing; scan leaf nN+5)', e.g. 'Westcott & Hort, p. 353 (1892 printing; scan leaf n358)'; pages are verified for the 1892 printing only; quote only text read on the scan.

Original work of the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible available at https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb (lemma and morphology: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Westminster Leningrad Codex text: public domain.

• The attribution sentence 'Original work of the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible available at https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb' is prescribed by LICENSE.md: use it word for word.
• Say if we changed lemma/morphology data.

Xenophon, Hellenica, trans. C. L. Brownson (Loeb, 1918; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
• The underlying translation/edition is PD in the US, so a faithful transcription adds little or no copyright of its own; the BY-SA notice is still shown because we took the wording from Perseus.
• Alternative that avoids BY-SA entirely: quote the PD translation from a scan of the printed Loeb volume and cite the printed edition (the ShareAlike attaches only to Perseus's digitization). The XML download carries an extra request to offer Perseus any modifications.
• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.

Xenophon, Memorabilia, trans. E. C. Marchant (Loeb, 1923; public domain in the US). Digital text: Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 US (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/). Source: https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/

• CC BY-SA 3.0 US distinguishes a 'Collective Work' (the work 'in unmodified form' assembled with separate and independent works; 'will not be considered a Derivative Work') from a 'Derivative Work' (translation, 'abridgment, condensation', or other recasting; SA applies). Quote verbatim, clearly marked, with the Perseus notice and license link, and keep our prose separate: SA then does not reach our notes.
• The underlying translation/edition is PD in the US, so a faithful transcription adds little or no copyright of its own; the BY-SA notice is still shown because we took the wording from Perseus.
• Alternative that avoids BY-SA entirely: quote the PD translation from a scan of the printed Loeb volume and cite the printed edition (the ShareAlike attaches only to Perseus's digitization). The XML download carries an extra request to offer Perseus any modifications.
• Public-domain status is for the US (publication before 1931). The site should be US-hosted; status elsewhere is noted only where checked.