Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 1:1 — Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ / Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

Rom 1:1 · reading in

Παῦλος δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος, ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον θεοῦ

BSB: “Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle, and set apart for the gospel of God—”

SBLGNT: SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT Apparatus sigla removed for display. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ

doulos Christou Iēsou

a slave of Christ Jesus

𝔓¹⁰ · B · vgam · vgfu · arm · Origen · Ambrosiaster · Augustine

SBLGNTNA28 🔒︎Treg

Alternative 1

δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

doulos Iēsou Christou

a slave of Jesus Christ

ℵ · A · E · G · K · L · P · vgcle · syrsch · syr^p · cop · aeth · Irenaeus (Lat.) · Origen (Lat.)

ByzTRWH

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Confidence: low (team scale)
Significance: minor
Byz / TR: δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ — open RP2018

Print SBLGNT's Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, with low confidence. 𝔓¹⁰ (perhaps the earliest witness) and B read Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, with Origen's Greek and the Vulgate codices am and fu; ℵ A and the Byzantine tradition (= RP, TR, WH) support Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. ℵ and B are both fourth-century, breadth favors Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, and internal evidence cuts both ways. Because the evidence does not clearly overturn the base text, the team keeps SBLGNT's order (D⁷) and states the reason, per §7. Either order has the same meaning.

Evidence

8 sources

Editions (checked 2026-10-28): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: as in STYLE_GUIDE §2.3. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); * = first hand, superscript ᶜ (stored as c, e.g. Dc) = a later corrector; full key in src.tischendorf-8. Tischendorf names mainly dissenting witnesses, so some majuscules on the other side are inferred from his silence.

SBLGNT prints Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ; RP2018 and TR read Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, and the SBLGNT apparatus and TAGNT put WH with them.

Papyrus (P.Oxy. II 209, pp. 8–9 and Plate II, read on the plate): 𝔓¹⁰ reads Χ̅Ρ̅Υ̅ Ι̅Η̅Υ̅, Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ. Grenfell and Hunt date it to the first half of the 4th century.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 363; patristic attributions are his): Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ: B, the Vulgate codices am and fu, arm, Origen, Ambrosiaster, Augustine. Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ: ℵ A E G K L P and nearly all others, Irenaeus and Origen in Latin. D's Greek is lost for 1:1–7. Tischendorf prints Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ against most witnesses, because Paul's salutations elsewhere (1–2 Cor, Eph, Phil, Col, 1–2 Tim) have that order.

Internal: either order could arise by assimilation: to the common Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, or to Paul's usual salutation order.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain TAGNT CC BY 4.0 Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0 P.Oxy. 209 (𝔓¹⁰) public domain

Rom 1:1 — Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ / Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

Rom 1:1 · reading in

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