Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 1:29 — ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ / ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ πονηρίᾳ / πορνείᾳ for πονηρίᾳ

Rom 1:29 · reading in

πεπληρωμένους πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ, μεστοὺς φθόνου φόνου ἔριδος δόλου κακοηθείας, ψιθυριστάς,

BSB: “They have become filled with every kind of wickedness, evil, greed, and depravity. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, and malice. They are gossips,”

SBLGNT: SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT Apparatus sigla removed for display. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ

pasē adikia ponēria pleonexia kakia

with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, malice

ℵ · A · B · C · K · 33 (Tisch. 17) · cop · aeth · Ephraem · Basil (divided) · Chrysostom · Origen (Lat.) · Lucifer · Ambrosiaster · Augustine

SBLGNTNA28 🔒︎WHTreg

Alternative 1

πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ

pasē adikia porneia ponēria pleonexia kakia

with all unrighteousness, sexual immorality, wickedness, greed, malice

L · 𝔐 · syrsch · syr^p · arm · Basil (divided) · Gregory of Nyssa · Theodoret

ByzTR

Alternative 2

πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ κακίᾳ πορνείᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ

pasē adikia kakia porneia pleonexia

with all unrighteousness, malice, sexual immorality, greed

D* · E · G · it^d · it^e · it^g

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ
Confidence: high (team scale)
Significance: translation
Byz / TR: πάσῃ ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ — open RP2018

Print the text without πορνείᾳ, with high confidence. Byz and TR add it, probably from a doubled ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ / ΠΟΡΝΕΙΑ. Sexual sin is still in view in the context (1:24–27).

Evidence

7 sources

Editions (checked 2026-10-28): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: as in STYLE_GUIDE §2.3. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); * = first hand, superscript ᶜ (stored as c, e.g. Dc) = a later corrector; full key in src.tischendorf-8. Tischendorf names mainly dissenting witnesses, so some majuscules on the other side are inferred from his silence.

SBLGNT lacks πορνείᾳ; RP2018 and TR read ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ πονηρίᾳ πλεονεξίᾳ κακίᾳ (TR raw: adikia porneia ponhria pleonexia kakia). For the order of the other nouns see var.Rom.1.29.poneria-kakia-order.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), pp. 368–369; patristic attributions are his): without πορνείᾳ: ℵ A B C K and several minuscules, including 33, the Coptic and Ethiopic, Ephraem, Basil, Chrysostom, John of Damascus, and the Latin fathers. With πορνείᾳ: L and most later manuscripts, both Syriac versions, the Armenian, Basil (he is cited on both sides), Gregory of Nyssa, Theodoret. D* E G and the Old Latin d e g have πορνείᾳ in place of πονηρίᾳ, after κακίᾳ; a corrector of D (Dc) restores πονηρίᾳ. P has καὶ πορνείᾳ and omits πονηρίᾳ.

Internal: ΠΟΡΝΕΙΑ and ΠΟΝΗΡΙΑ differ by only a few letters in uncial script. That explains both the substitution (D G) and the doubling (L, Byz).

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain TAGNT CC BY 4.0 Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 1:29 — ἀδικίᾳ πονηρίᾳ / ἀδικίᾳ πορνείᾳ πονηρίᾳ / πορνείᾳ for πονηρίᾳ

Rom 1:29 · reading in

Witnesses by century

Romans

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