Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 3:30 — εἴπερ / ἐπείπερ

Rom 3:30 · reading in

εἴπερ εἷς ὁ θεός, ὃς δικαιώσει περιτομὴν ἐκ πίστεως καὶ ἀκροβυστίαν διὰ τῆς πίστεως.

BSB: “since there is only one God, who will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through that same faith.”

SBLGNT: SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT Apparatus sigla removed for display. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

εἴπερ εἷς ὁ θεός

eiper heis ho theos

since indeed God is one

ℵ* · A · B · C · D (corrector) · 1908 (Tisch. 47, text) · 436 (Tisch. 80) · Clement · Origen · Didymus · Cyril · John of Damascus · Jerome · Pacian

SBLGNTNA28 🔒︎WHTreg

Alternative 1

ἐπείπερ εἷς ὁ θεός

epeiper heis ho theos

since God is one

ℵc · D* · Dc · E · F · G · K · L · P · it^d · it^e · it^f · vg · Eusebius · Athanasius · Chrysostom · Theodoret · Theophylact · Oecumenius · Origen (Lat.) · Ambrosiaster

ByzTR

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: εἴπερ εἷς ὁ θεός
Confidence: medium (team scale)
Significance: minor
Byz / TR: ἐπείπερ εἷς ὁ θεός — open RP2018

Print εἴπερ with medium confidence; Tischendorf 8 prints it too. The leading Alexandrian witnesses agree, and ἐπείπερ makes the causal sense explicit. The sense is the same: God is one, so he justifies Jew and Gentile alike by faith.

Evidence

6 sources

Editions (checked 2026-10-29): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: as in STYLE_GUIDE §2.3. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); * = first hand, superscript ᶜ (stored as c, e.g. Dc) = a later corrector (Tischendorf's notation); full key in src.tischendorf-8. Minuscules whose Gregory–Aland number is not verified are summarized, not listed. Tischendorf names mainly dissenting witnesses, so some majuscules on the other side are inferred from his silence.

SBLGNT, WH, Treg, NA28, and Tischendorf 8 (p. 379) read εἴπερ; RP2018 and TR read ἐπείπερ. The siglum Ti in Tischendorf's apparatus for ἐπείπερ refers to his earlier edition, not to the text of ed. 8.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 379, leaf n386): εἴπερ: ℵ* A B C, a later corrector of D (Tischendorf's D**b), 1908 (text), 436, and three further minuscules, Clement, Origen, Didymus, Cyril, John of Damascus, Jerome, Pacian. ἐπείπερ: ℵc D (first hand and a corrector) E F G K L P and most others, Eusebius, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Theodoret, Theophylact, Oecumenius; the Latin quoniam quidem (d e f, vg, Origen Lat., Ambrosiaster) agrees in sense.

Internal: ἐπείπερ occurs nowhere else in the NT and states the cause outright; Paul often uses εἴπερ with causal force ("since," 8:9, 17), so the change to ἐπείπερ is an easing.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 3:30 — εἴπερ / ἐπείπερ

Rom 3:30 · reading in

Witnesses by century

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