The curse on another gospel

Says Twice the letter says that if anyone, even “we or an angel from heaven”, preaches a gospel contrary to the one already preached and received, ἀνάθεμα ἔστω (anathema estō, “let him be accursed”). The BSB has “let him be under a curse”. Calvin writes, “Here it denotes cursing” Luther writes, “The Greek word anathema, in Hebrew herem, signifieth a thing accursed, execrable, and detestable, which hath nothing to do, no participation, or communion with God.” Lightfoot notes the question “whether it refers to ecclesiastical censure or spiritual condition” and holds that “The latter alone seems tenable” Burton takes the word “as one under the curse of God.” and writes, “In this sense the word must be taken in the present passage.” Wesley writes, “preach another gospel, let him be accursed—cut off from Christ and God.” These are their readings. The earlier use of ἀνάθεμα in Romans 9 is pointed to in ἀνάθεμα εἶναι αὐτὸς ἐγώ / αὐτὸς ἐγὼ ἀνάθεμα εἶναι and Paul's anguish for his kin, Israel's privileges, and Christ "who is God over all" (Romans 9:1–5), and is not taken up again here.

Implies Including the apostle and an angel makes the content of the gospel, not the messenger, the test.

Uncertain How the anathema is to be read is set out from these holders in the commentary; no verdict is given here.