Romans 11:1–36: God has not rejected his people

Says "did God reject His people? Certainly not!" (11:1, BSB). There is "a remnant chosen by grace" (11:5, BSB), and "The others were hardened" (11:7, BSB). Israel did not "stumble so as to fall beyond recovery" (11:11, BSB); salvation came to the Gentiles "to make Israel jealous" (11:11, BSB). Gentile believers are told, "do not boast over those branches" (11:18, BSB), and "you stand by faith" (11:20, BSB). "A hardening in part has come to Israel" (11:25, BSB), and "all Israel will be saved" (11:26, BSB). "God’s gifts and His call are irrevocable" (11:29, BSB). The chapter ends in praise: "from Him and through Him and to Him are all things" (11:36, BSB).

Implies Whoever is saved is saved by God's mercy through faith in Christ (10:9–13; 11:20, 23).

Uncertain Three questions stay open with no lean: who "all Israel" is, and when and how it is saved (set out only in note.exegetical.Rom.11.25-Rom.11.27.all-israel); whether the warning of 11:22 threatens believers; and how hardening relates to unbelief and whether it is final (election views: note.exegetical.Rom.9.6-Rom.9.24.how-election-works). Three others carry a lean with the main alternative named: "fullness" (11:12), "life from the dead" (11:15) and the root (11:16).

Structure. 11:1–10, remnant and hardening; 11:11–24, stumbling, jealousy and the olive tree; 11:25–36, the mystery, the irrevocable call, mercy on all, and praise.