Commendation, greetings, warning, and doxology (Romans 16:1–27)

Says After “The God of peace be with all of you. Amen” (15:33, BSB), chapter 16 commends Phoebe, greets many by name, warns against divisions, and prints a closing grace as 16:24.

Says “I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant of the church in Cenchrea” (16:1, BSB). Greetings run through “a holy kiss” (16:16, BSB). They must “watch out for those who create divisions and obstacles that are contrary to the teaching you have learned” (16:17, BSB). “The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet” (16:20, BSB). “I, Tertius, who wrote down this letter, greet you in the Lord” (16:22, BSB). The printed Greek then has a grace, with Amen, as 16:24. BSB has no 16:24. BSB and several major editions print a doxology as 16:25–27, beginning “Now to Him who is able to strengthen you by my gospel and by the proclamation of Jesus Christ” (16:25, BSB).

Implies “the obedience that comes from faith” (16:26, BSB) resumes 1:5. “the revelation of the mystery” (16:25, BSB) resumes 11:25.

Uncertain Whether διάκονος names an office, how “outstanding among the apostles” (16:7, BSB) is read, who the opponents are, and whether some greetings first belonged to another letter remain open. No lean is taken here. The printed text has 16:24 and does not print 16:25–27. The doxology is text that BSB and several major editions print; its placement is not settled, and it is not treated as absent from Romans.