Where did the chain of 3:10–18 come from? Testimonia and Scripture chains

Says Under "As it is written" (3:10), 3:10–18 strings together Ps 14:1–3 (53:1–3), Ps 5:9, Ps 140:3, Ps 10:7, Isa 59:7–8 (cf. Prov 1:16), and Ps 36:1. 3:13 follows the Greek of Ps 5:10 and 139:4 (LXX numbering) word for word, and 3:18 follows LXX Ps 35:2 with "their" for "his." 3:12 matches LXX Ps 13:3; 3:10–11 and 3:14–17 shorten or adapt their sources. The line-by-line MT and LXX forms are left to the Hebrew notes. Paul's conclusion follows: "the whole world held accountable to God" (3:19).

Jews before Paul also gathered texts. 4QTestimonia (4Q175) sets Deut 5:28–29 with 18:18–19, Num 24:15–17, and Deut 33:8–11, then a passage from a Joshua apocryphon, without comment. 4QFlorilegium (4Q174) joins 2 Sam 7 and Pss 1–2 with other texts and interpretation. Justin quotes a string close to Rom 3:11–17 (without 3:14–15) against Trypho, with no reference to Paul (Dial. 27.3). In Codex Vaticanus, as Swete prints it, Ps 13:3 contains the lines of Rom 3:13–18; Codex Alexandrinus omits them, and a corrector of Sinaiticus brackets them.

Implies However it was assembled, Paul uses the chain as Scripture's own verdict on all, Jew included, which closes the charge of 3:9.

Uncertain Whether Paul composed the chain himself or took over a collection already in use cannot be shown. Justin may depend on Romans, and the Psalter manuscripts may have taken the lines from Romans or from such a collection.