Not according to man, but through revelation (1:11–12)
Says Galatians 1:11 begins Γνωρίζω (Gnōrizō, “I make known”) (γνωρίζω, “to make known”). Its object is τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τὸ εὐαγγελισθὲν ὑπ’ ἐμοῦ (to euangelion to euangelisthen hyp’ emou, “the gospel preached by me”), and the claim is οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον (ouk estin kata anthrōpon, “it is not according to man”); the BSB has “not devised by man”.
Says Galatians 1:12 denies two human routes: παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτό (para anthrōpou parelabon auto, “I received it from a man”) (παραλαμβάνω, “to receive from another”) and οὔτε ἐδιδάχθην (oute edidachthēn, “nor was I taught it”). The positive phrase has no verb of its own: ἀλλὰ δι’ ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ (alla di’ apokalypseōs Iēsou Christou), “but through a revelation of Jesus Christ,” with “I received it” understood. ἀποκάλυψις is “a revealing, revelation”.
Uncertain The genitive Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ is read two ways. Burton (pp. 41–42) frames the question “whether Christ is the revealed or the revealer” and reads Christ as the one revealed. Lightfoot (p. 80) renders the phrase “by revelation from Christ”, Christ as the one who reveals. The BSB “revelation from Jesus Christ” uses the wording of the second reading. No lean is taken here.
Claims
- SaysGalatians 1:11–12 says the gospel Paul preached is not according to man: he did not receive it from a man and was not taught it, but it came through a revelation of Jesus Christ.
- UncertainBurton reads Jesus Christ as the one revealed; Lightfoot renders the phrase as revelation from Christ, the revealer. No lean is taken.
Citations
- SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 Gal 1:11–12
- BSB public domain Gal 1:11–12
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Abbott-Smith public domain s.v. γνωρίζω (G1107) —
to make known
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Abbott-Smith public domain s.v. παραλαμβάνω (G3880) —
to receive from another
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Abbott-Smith public domain s.v. ἀποκάλυψις (G602) —
a revealing, revelation
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Burton, Galatians (ICC) public domain p. 41 (leaf n134) —
whether Christ is the revealed or the revealer
- Burton, Galatians (ICC) public domain p. 42 (leaf n135)
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Lightfoot, Galatians public domain p. 80 (leaf n99) —
by revelation from Christ
2026-11-13
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