Gen 2:9: the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil
Says In the middle of the garden stand וְעֵץ הַחַיִּים בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן and וְעֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע, "the tree of the knowledge of good and evil"; BDB glosses the noun "knowledge." The command about the second tree is given to the man before the woman is built (2:16–18). Wisdom is "a tree of life" in Prov 3:18 (עֵץ־חַיִּים); Rev 2:7 and 22:2 return to the tree of life. The LXX has τὸ ξύλον τοῦ εἰδέναι γνωστὸν καλοῦ καὶ πονηροῦ.
Uncertain What "knowledge of good and evil" means. (1) Moral autonomy, deciding good and evil for oneself; grounds: it is forbidden, and 3:5 ties it to being "like God." Objection: God himself has it (3:22). (2) Knowing evil by experience, through disobedience. Objection: 3:22 again, since God does not know evil that way. (3) Comprehensive knowledge, "good and evil" as a merism, as in 2 Sam 14:17, הַטּוֹב וְהָרָע. Objection: the man is not given all knowledge after eating. (4) Mature discernment that was to be received from God: compare Deut 1:39, children who do not know טוֹב וָרָע, and Solomon's request, 1 Kgs 3:9, בֵּין־טוֹב לְרָע. Objection: the text forbids the tree without saying it would later be given. No lean is taken here.
Claims
- Saysוְעֵץ הַחַיִּים בְּתוֹךְ הַגָּן and וְעֵץ הַדַּעַת טוֹב וָרָע in the middle of the garden (BDB "knowledge"); the command precedes the woman; Prov 3:18; Rev 2:7; 22:2; LXX wording.
- UncertainMoral autonomy, experiential knowledge of evil, comprehensive knowledge (merism), or discernment to be received from God; each with an objection; no lean.
Citations
- OSHB CC BY 4.0 Gen 2:9, 16–17 (WLC/OSHB; morph HC/Ncmsc, HTd/Ncfsa)
- OSHB CC BY 4.0 Prov 3:18; 2 Sam 14:17; Deut 1:39; 1 Kgs 3:9 (WLC/OSHB)
- BDB CC BY 4.0 s.v. H1847, p. 395, entry j.au.ae; BDB 1906 page image, archive.org hebrewenglishlex00browuoft, leaf n418
- LXX (Swete) CC BY-SA 4.0 Gen 2:9. LXX read on the Swete page image, vol. 1 (1901), p. 3 (leaf n34).
- BSB public domain Prov 3:18
Quotations from LXX (Swete) are used under CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credits
2026-11-10
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