Paul's use of Hab 2:4 (Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11)

Says Paul cites Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως ζήσεται (Rom 1:17; Gal 3:11 without δέ) with no pronoun, so his form matches neither the MT ("his") nor the LXX ("my"). Heb 10:38 keeps "my" with "righteous one."

Implies Without the pronoun, attention falls on the means, ἐκ πίστεως ("by faith"). Paul ties the phrase to παντὶ τῷ πιστεύοντι ("everyone who believes," 1:16) and later to Abraham (Rom 4:3, quoting Gen 15:6, whose verb וְהֶאֱמִן shares the root of אֱמוּנָה). The Hebrew word family supports his reading on lexical grounds.

Uncertain Whose πίστις is meant? This question overlaps with the subjective/objective genitive debate over πίστις Χριστοῦ (Rom 3:22). The options are: 1. the believer's faith in God and Christ (the Reformation reading, and the team's view); 2. God's faithfulness, following the LXX's "my," with 1:17a read as "from God's faithfulness to faith"; 3. Christ's faithfulness, with ὁ δίκαιος read as a messianic title (cf. Heb 10:37–38). The team prefers option 1 (the pronoun-less form, 1:16, Rom 4). Options 2 and 3 state truths but are less likely the point here.

1QpHab VII 17–VIII 3 applies Hab 2:4b to those who keep the Law in the house of Judah, whom God will deliver because of their toil and their faithfulness to the Teacher of Righteousness. Like Paul, it reads the verse of human faith, but ties it to Law-keeping and a teacher. Paul sets the verse against "works of the law" (Gal 3:10–11).