ὀργὴ θεοῦ: "the wrath of God"

Says God's wrath is revealed "from heaven." Its targets are πᾶσαν ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἀδικίαν ἀνθρώπων, "all ungodliness and unrighteousness of people."

Says ἀσέβεια (asebeia) is wrong toward God, and ἀδικία (adikia) is wrong in general. The order matches the argument that follows: refusing to honor God (1:21–23) leads to moral disorder (1:24–31).

Implies ὀργή (orgē) is God's settled, judicial opposition to sin, not an outburst of temper. Abbott-Smith describes God's ὀργή as "that reaction of the divine nature against sin" which is called anger in human language (s.v. ὀργή). It is personal: it is God's wrath, θεοῦ. It is also just, because it falls on those who "suppress the truth." Christ's atoning death answers it (3:25; 5:9).

Uncertain Some read "wrath" as an impersonal process of cause and effect. The genitive θεοῦ and the active παρέδωκεν ὁ θεός (1:24, 26, 28) make this reading unlikely. The team rejects it.