Rom 10:5–8: Lev 18:5 and Deut 30:12–14 (MT and LXX)

Says Rom 10:5 quotes Lev 18:5, אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשֶׂה אֹתָם הָאָדָם וָחַי בָּהֶם (asher ya'aseh otam ha'adam vakhay bahem, "the man who does these things will live by them," BSB). Swete has ἃ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτοῖς; Paul's ὁ ποιήσας ἄνθρωπος ζήσεται ἐν αὐτῇ has the article where the LXX has the relative ἃ ("which"), and "in it" refers to righteousness (variants: see the Greek note). Gal 3:12 cites the same line.

Says Rom 10:6–8 draws on Deut 30:12–14. The MT asks מִי יַעֲלֶה־לָּנוּ הַשָּׁמַיְמָה (mi ya'aleh-lannu hashamaymah, "Who will ascend into heaven," BSB) and מִי יַעֲבָר־לָנוּ אֶל־עֵבֶר הַיָּם (mi ya'avor-lanu el-'ever hayyam, "Who will cross the sea," BSB) and answers קָרוֹב אֵלֶיךָ הַדָּבָר מְאֹד בְּפִיךָ וּבִלְבָבְךָ לַעֲשֹׂתוֹ (qarov eleykha haddavar me'od befikha uvilvavkha la'asoto, "the word is very near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart, so that you may obey it," BSB). Swete has ἀναβήσεται ἡμῖν εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν … διαπεράσει ἡμῖν εἰς τὸ πέραν τῆς θαλάσσης … ἐγγὺς τὸ ῥῆμα σφόδρα … καὶ ἐν ταῖς χερσίν σου αὐτὸ ποιεῖν.

Says Paul keeps Τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν, replaces the sea-crossing with Τίς καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον, and gives Ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν, ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου without "very," "in your hands" (an LXX plus), or "to do it." Each τοῦτʼ ἔστιν applies a line to Christ.

On the Deut 9:4 and Ps 107:26 echoes, see xref.Rom.10.6.Deut.9.4.heb and xref.Rom.10.7.Ps.107.26.heb. How 10:5 relates to 10:6–8 is treated in note.exegetical.Rom.10.4-Rom.10.8.law-and-faith.