Rom 2:24: Isa 52:5 (MT and LXX) and Ezek 36:20–23

Says Rom 2:24: τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα τοῦ θεοῦ διʼ ὑμᾶς βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ("the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles because of you").

Says The MT of Isa 52:5 ends וְתָמִיד כָּל־הַיּוֹם שְׁמִי מִנֹּאָץ (vetamid kol-hayyom shemi minno'ats, "and continually, all day long, my name is despised"; BDB p. 610). It has no "because of you" and no "among the nations." Before this, כִּי־לֻקַּח עַמִּי חִנָּם (ki-luqqakh 'ammi khinnam, "my people are taken away for nothing"), and מֹשְׁלָיו יְהֵילִילוּ (moshlav yehelilu, "its rulers howl," or "mock"; qere for ketiv משלו).

Says Swete's LXX reads Δι’ ὑμᾶς διὰ παντὸς τὸ ὄνομά μου βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, adding δι’ ὑμᾶς and ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν. Codex Marchalianus (Q) marks ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν with the obelus, the Hexaplaric sign for words absent from the Hebrew. Paul keeps both additions, but writes τοῦ θεοῦ for μου, drops διὰ παντός, puts δι’ ὑμᾶς after the subject, and adds γάρ.

Says In Ezek 36:20–23 exiled Israel וַיְחַלְּלוּ אֶת־שֵׁם קָדְשִׁי (vaykhallelu et-shem qodshi, "profaned my holy name") among the nations; God acts לֹא לְמַעַנְכֶם (lo' lema'ankhem, "not for your sake") to sanctify his name (36:23).

Uncertain How Paul uses Isa 52:5. The lean: he applies δι’ ὑμᾶς to his hearers' conduct, as in Ezek 36:20–23, since 2:21–23 concerns conduct. The main alternative: he invokes Isaiah's own setting, Israel in exile for its sin (cf. Isa 50:1), the name reviled because of it. He cites only Isaiah; Ezekiel's influence cannot be shown.