τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ … εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται

Says 2:26 asks ἐὰν οὖν ἡ ἀκροβυστία τὰ δικαιώματα τοῦ νόμου φυλάσσῃ, οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται; (BSB "If a man who is not circumcised keeps the requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?"). ἡ ἀκροβυστία is abstract for the person, "the uncircumcised man." οὐχ expects the answer "yes."

Says δικαίωμα is "an ordinance" (Abbott-Smith; τ. νόμου, Rom 2:26; 8:4), and φυλάσσω with laws means to keep or observe them (Abbott-Smith lists Rom 2:26). In 1:32 τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ θεοῦ is God's decree; in 8:4 τὸ δικαίωμα τοῦ νόμου, singular, is fulfilled in those who walk κατὰ πνεῦμα. Swete's LXX of Ezek 36:27 (vol. 3, p. 464) joins the Spirit and the ordinances: καὶ τὸ πνεῦμά μου δώσω ἐν ὑμῖν, καὶ ποιήσω ἵνα ἐν τοῖς δικαιώμασίν μου πορεύησθε.

Says λογίζομαι εἰς is "to count as" (Abbott-Smith: Rom 2:26 with 4:3, 5, 9–11).

Uncertain Whether the condition describes (a) real Gentile believers, in whom the Spirit fulfills the law's requirement (8:4; Ezek 36:27), or (b) a hypothetical case that sharpens the charge against the Jew. This note leans to (a), because of the Spirit in 2:29 and the link with 8:4; (b) is the main alternative. The answer need not match the one given for 2:14–15.