AISBT ReaderRom 2:5: "the day of wrath" (Zeph 1:15, 18; Ps 110:5)
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Rom 2:5: "the day of wrath" (Zeph 1:15, 18; Ps 110:5)

Says Rom 2:5 warns of wrath stored up ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς ("on the day of wrath"), when God's righteous judgment is revealed.

Says Zephaniah's day of the Lord (1:14) is יוֹם עֶבְרָה הַיּוֹם הַהוּא (yom 'evrah hayyom hahu', "that day is a day of wrath," 1:15; BDB p. 720, "overflow, arrogance, fury"), LXX ἡμέρα ὀργῆς, ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνη. Silver and gold cannot deliver בְּיוֹם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה (beyom 'evrat YHWH, "on the day of the wrath of the Lord," 1:18), LXX ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς Κυρίου.

Says Ps 110:5 (LXX 109:5): אֲדֹנָי עַל־יְמִינְךָ מָחַץ בְּיוֹם־אַפּוֹ מְלָכִים (adonay 'al-yeminekha makhats beyom-appo melakhim, "the Lord at your right hand shatters kings on the day of his anger"), with אַף, "anger" (BDB p. 60). Swete's LXX: κύριος ἐκ δεξιῶν σου συνέθλασεν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ βασιλεῖς.

Implies The LXX renders both Hebrew nouns with ὀργή, and Paul's ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς matches its wording at Zeph 1:18 and Ps 109:5. In Zephaniah the day is the Lord's judgment on all the earth, from which wealth cannot rescue (1:18); Paul applies the phrase to the final judgment, the future form of the wrath of Rom 1:18.

Uncertain Whether Paul has a particular text in view. The phrase is common prophetic language (cf. Zeph 2:2–3; Ezek 7:19; Lam 2:22). Ps 110 is applied to Christ in the NT (Acts 2:34–35; Heb 1:13), and in Rom 2:16 God judges "through Christ Jesus," but Paul does not cite Ps 110:5 here.

Claims

  • SaysZeph 1:15 יוֹם עֶבְרָה, 1:18 בְּיוֹם עֶבְרַת יְהוָה; Ps 110:5 בְּיוֹם־אַפּוֹ.
  • SaysLXX Zeph 1:15 ἡμέρα ὀργῆς; 1:18 ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς Κυρίου; Ps 109:5 ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ.
  • ImpliesPaul's ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς matches the LXX wording of Zeph 1:18 and Ps 109:5 and names the final judgment.
  • UncertainWhether Paul has a particular text in view; Ps 110:5 is not cited here.

Citations

  • OSHB CC BY 4.0 Zeph 1:14–18; 2:2–3; Ps 110:5; Ezek 7:19; Lam 2:22
  • BDB CC BY 4.0 s.v. 'evrah (H5678), p. 720, entry p.ah.ag; s.v. af (H639), p. 60, entry a.em.ab
  • LXX (Swete) CC BY-SA 4.0 Zeph 1:15, 18. LXX checked against Swete scan, vol. 3 (1912), p. 65. Ps 109:5 (scan reading βασιλεῖς; digital text damaged). LXX checked against Swete scan, vol. 2 (1891), p. 367.
  • SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 Rom 1:18; 2:5, 16; Acts 2:34–35; Heb 1:13
  • TVTMS CC BY 4.0 Ps 110:5 = LXX 109:5
Sources OSHB CC BY 4.0 LXX (Swete) CC BY-SA 4.0 SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 BDB CC BY 4.0 TVTMS CC BY 4.0 Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Quotations from LXX (Swete) are used under CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credits

2026-10-29

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