εἰρήνην ἔχομεν … καυχώμεθα … ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκκέχυται (5:1–5)

Says Δικαιωθέντες (dikaiōthentes, "having been justified") is an aorist passive participle: God has given the verdict. The verdict is ἐκ πίστεως (ek pisteōs, "by faith"); faith as the means, not the ground, is treated in note.language.Rom.4.2-Rom.4.5.logizomai-misthos. 5:2 adds two perfects, τὴν προσαγωγὴν ἐσχήκαμεν (prosagōgēn eschēkamen, "we have gained access"; Abbott-Smith "approach, access") and ἑστήκαμεν (hestēkamen, "we stand").

Uncertain ἔχομεν (echomen, "we have") or ἔχωμεν (echōmen, "let us have") peace. This note leans to the indicative: the perfects of 5:2 and the reconciliation received in 5:10–11 describe a present standing. The alternative, "let us have peace," has the stronger manuscript support (var.Rom.5.1.echomen).

Uncertain καυχώμεθα (kauchōmetha) in 5:2–3 has the same form in both moods. This note leans to "we rejoice" (BSB), matching the participle καυχώμενοι in 5:11; the alternative is "let us rejoice," matching ἔχωμεν.

Says θλῖψις (thlipsis) produces ὑπομονή (hypomonē), ὑπομονή δοκιμή (dokimē; Abbott-Smith "approvedness, proof"), and δοκιμή hope, which οὐ καταισχύνει, "does not disappoint" (Abbott-Smith: "of unfulfilled hopes").

Uncertain ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ (hē agapē tou theou). This note leans to God's love for us (subjective genitive). Grounds: 5:8 restates it as τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀγάπην εἰς ἡμᾶς, which Abbott-Smith lists under "God's love: to men"; 8:39 uses the phrase of God's love; and the hope rests on what God gives. The alternative is our love for God, poured into our hearts by the Spirit (Augustine, by reference). Grounds: "in our hearts," and believers as τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν τὸν θεόν (8:28).