AISBT ReaderRom 7:7, 11: "You shall not covet" (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and "deceived me" (Gen 3:13), MT and LXX
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Rom 7:7, 11: "You shall not covet" (Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21) and "deceived me" (Gen 3:13), MT and LXX

Says Rom 7:7 quotes the last commandment as Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις (ouk epithymēseis, "Do not covet," BSB), with no object. Swete has these words in Exod 20:17 and Deut 5:21: Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου.

Says Exod 20:17 has לֹא תַחְמֹד (lo takhmod, "You shall not covet," BSB) twice, first of the neighbor's house, then of his wife. חָמַד (khamad) is "desire, take pleasure in" (BDB p. 326).

Says Deut 5:21 puts the wife first, וְלֹא תַחְמֹד אֵשֶׁת רֵעֶךָ (velo takhmod eshet re'ekha, "You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife," BSB). Its second clause has וְלֹא תִתְאַוֶּה (velo tit'avveh, "and you shall not desire," literal), the Hitpael of אָוָה (avah, "desire, long for," BDB p. 16). The BSB renders both verbs "covet."

Says Swete's Exod 20:17 also puts τὴν γυναῖκα τοῦ πλησίον σου before τὴν οἰκίαν, the order of Deut 5:21. In both passages ἐπιθυμήσεις renders חָמַד, and in Deut 5:21 also אָוָה.

Uncertain Whether 7:11 ἐξηπάτησέν με echoes Gen 3:13, where the woman says הַנָּחָשׁ הִשִּׁיאַנִי (hannakhash hishi'ani, "The serpent deceived me," BSB), a Hiphil of נָשָׁא (nasha', "beguile, deceive," BDB p. 674); Swete has Ὁ ὄφις ἠπάτησέν με. The lean is that it does: Paul uses the compound verb of the serpent and Eve in 2 Cor 11:3 (ἐξηπάτησεν Εὕαν), and Rom 7:8–11 also joins a commandment, desire, deception, and death. The alternative is that the verb simply names sin's deceit, as in Rom 16:18 and 1 Cor 3:18; 7:11 names no serpent. The lean does not decide who the "I" of 7:7–25 is. See also note.language.Rom.5.12-Rom.5.14.gen-2-3-adam.

Claims

  • SaysRom 7:7 quotes Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις without an object; Swete has the same words in Exod 20:17 and Deut 5:21.
  • SaysExod 20:17 MT has לֹא תַחְמֹד twice, house first and then wife; חָמַד "desire, take pleasure in" (BDB p. 326).
  • SaysDeut 5:21 MT puts the wife first and has וְלֹא תִתְאַוֶּה (Hitpael of אָוָה, BDB p. 16) in the second clause; the BSB renders both verbs "covet."
  • SaysSwete's Exod 20:17 puts the wife before the house, as in Deut 5:21, and ἐπιθυμήσεις renders חָמַד in both passages and also אָוָה in Deut 5:21.
  • UncertainWhether Rom 7:11 ἐξηπάτησέν με echoes Gen 3:13 הַנָּחָשׁ הִשִּׁיאַנִי (LXX Ὁ ὄφις ἠπάτησέν με): lean yes (2 Cor 11:3 ἐξηπάτησεν Εὕαν; commandment, desire, deception, and death in 7:8–11); alternative, the verb simply names sin's deceit (as in Rom 16:18; 1 Cor 3:18; 7:11 names no serpent); the lean does not decide who the "I" is.

Citations

  • OSHB CC BY 4.0 Exod 20:17 (morph HVqi2ms); Deut 5:21 (morph HVqi2ms, HVti2ms); Gen 3:13 (morph HVhp3ms/Sp1cs)
  • BDB CC BY 4.0 s.v. khamad (H2530), p. 326, entry h.de.aa; s.v. 'avah (H183), p. 16, entry a.bs.aa; s.v. nasha' (H5377), p. 674, entry n.fq.aa
  • LXX (Swete) CC BY-SA 4.0 Gen 3:13; Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21 (apparatus p. 5: nothing at 3:13; p. 144: "ουκ] adscr ι' B^a mg | ουτε 1°, 2°, 3°] ουδε A"; p. 353: ουτε/ουδε and οσα only). LXX checked against Swete scan, vol. 1 (1909), pp. 144, 353, 5.
  • SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 Rom 7:7, 11; 2 Cor 11:3
  • BSB public domain Rom 7:7; Gen 3:13; Exod 20:17; Deut 5:21
Sources OSHB CC BY 4.0 LXX (Swete) CC BY-SA 4.0 SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 BDB CC BY 4.0 BSB public domain Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Quotations from LXX (Swete) are used under CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credits

2026-10-31

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