Manuscript lens · variant unit

Gal 1:3 — καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν / ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου

Gal 1:3 · reading in

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ

BSB: “Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ,”

TR · Scrivener 1894: F. H. A. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (1894); public domain. Accents: "STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Accents rebuilt by AISBT from STEP Bible TAGNT (data). · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

πατρὸς καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν

patros kai kyriou hēmōn

Father and our Lord

B · D · E · F · G · K · L · 37 · 47 · d · e · f · g · vg · both Syriac versions · arm · go · Theodoret · Victorinus · Jerome · Augustine · Ambrose

SBLGNTTregByzTR

Alternative 1

πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου

patros hēmōn kai kyriou

our Father and the Lord

ℵ · A · P · 17 · fu · demid · cop · Chrysostom · Euthalius (codd.) · Ambrosiaster

WHNA28 🔒︎

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: πατρὸς καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν
Confidence: medium (team scale)
Significance: translation
Byz / TR: πατρὸς καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν — open RP2018

Editorial decision: print καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν, with SBLGNT, Treg, RP, and TR. Confidence medium: B D and the Latin and Syriac stand with the printed order; ℵ A P support the order WH and NA28 print, which the BSB follows. Says On either order the greeting comes from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ together.

Evidence

7 sources

Editions: SBLGNT; RP2018 (Byz); Scrivener 1894 (TR). WH, Treg, and NA28 alignment follows the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 is cited by reference only. Sigla: corrector notation follows Tischendorf, as explained in src.tischendorf-8.

The unit is the place of ἡμῶν only. SBLGNT, Treg, RP, and TR print καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν; WH and NA28 print ἡμῶν after πατρός. WH’s margin gives καὶ κυρίου [ἡμῶν] (Westcott–Hort, p. 420, leaf n425).

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 628, leaf n635 (novumtestamentum02tisc)): the octava places ἡμῶν after κυρίου with B D E F G K L, 37, 47, and most others, d e f g vg (also am and others), both Syriac versions, arm, go, Theodoret and others, Victorinus, Jerome, Augustine, and Ambrose. ℵ A P, 17, about twenty others, fu, demid (and others), cop, Chrysostom’s text, manuscripts of Euthalius, Ambrosiaster, and Ambrose (in one work) place it after πατρός, as is usual in the Pauline greetings (Romans 1:7; 1 Corinthians 1:3). The Ethiopic has it in both places; a few minuscules, Chrysostom (at one place), Damascene, and Augustine have it in neither.

Internal: Both orders call God Father and Jesus Christ Lord; the difference is whether “our” is said of the Father or of the Lord. The usual Pauline order may have drawn the pronoun to πατρός.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 WH public domain RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Gal 1:3 — καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν / ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου

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