Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 12:11 — κυρίῳ / καιρῷ

Rom 12:11 · reading in

τη σπουδη μη οκνηροι τω πνευματι ζεοντες τω κυριω δουλευοντες

BSB: “Do not let your zeal subside; keep your spiritual fervor, serving the Lord.”

TR · Scrivener 1894: F. H. A. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (1894); public domain. Accents: "STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Accents rebuilt by AISBT from STEP Bible TAGNT (data). · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

κυρίῳ

kyriō

serving the Lord (τῷ κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες)

ℵ · A · B · Db,c · E · L · P · d*** · e · f · vg · syr · cop · arm · go · aeth · Clement · Origen (Lat.) · Athanasius · Basil · Chrysostom · Theodoret · Antiochus · John of Damascus · Theophylact · Oecumenius · Jerome · Ambrosiaster · Augustine · Pelagius · Sedulius

SBLGNTWHTregNA28 🔒︎ByzTR

Alternative 1

καιρῷ

kairō

serving the time (τῷ καιρῷ δουλεύοντες)

D* · Dnov · F · G · 5 · d* · g · CyprianNo edition in the project enum prints καιρῷ; Scrivener 1894 TR reads κυρίῳ. Tischendorf notes that some ς printings have καιρῷ (with Griesbach), but not Elzevir or Scholz.

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: κυρίῳ
Confidence: high (team scale)
Significance: meaning
Byz / TR: κυρίῳ — open RP2018

Editorial decision: print κυρίῳ with SBLGNT, WH, Treg, NA28, RP, and TR. Confidence high: early and broad support. Says On the printed reading, believers serve the Lord. The Western καιρῷ (“serve the time”) is a real but narrowly attested alternative; no lean is taken beyond the editorial print choice.

Evidence

7 sources

Editions (checked 2026-11-05): SBLGNT, RP2018, and TR (local files) all read τῷ κυρίῳ; WH, Treg, and NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus (the unit is absent from the supplied SBLGNT apparatus file because the editions agree). NA28 by reference only. Sigla: corrector notation as in Tischendorf (ℵc, Db,c and the like). Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses where given; those not verified are counted, not listed. Witnesses are listed only where Tischendorf names them.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 431, leaf n438 (novumtestamentum02tisc); continues Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 432, leaf n439 (novumtestamentum02tisc)): lemma τῷ κυρίῳ δουλεύοντες. κυρίῳ (Gb′) with ℵ A B Db et c E L P and almost all Greek codices, plus the versions and fathers listed (Hieronymus ep. 27 ad Marcellam; Ambrosiaster; Origen Lat. 651; Athanasius contrasts serving the time with serving the Lord; Basil, Chrysostom, Theodoret, Antiochus, Damascene, Theophylact, Oecumenius, Augustine, Pelagius, Sedulius). καιρῷ with D* et Dnov F G 5, d* g, Latin codices cited via Jerome and Origen Lat., and Cyprian (Bremen 1690) “servientes tempori.” Tischendorf notes Erasmus’s second edition and Luther’s “Schicket euch in die Zeit,” and that uncial καιρῷ can be written ΚΡΩ versus κυρίῳ as ΚΩ. Minuscule 71 and Euthalian codices omit the phrase.

Internal: κυρίῳ continues the triad of zeal, spirit, and service toward God; καιρῷ yields “serving the time/opportunity,” known in Western and some Latin witnesses.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 WH public domain RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 12:11 — κυρίῳ / καιρῷ

Rom 12:11 · reading in

Witnesses by century

Romans

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