Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 4:22 — διό / διὸ καί

Rom 4:22 · reading in

Byzantine · RP2018 text for Rom 4:22 is not in the library yet.

BSB: “This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.””

Byzantine · RP2018: Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2018. Public domain (Unlicense). · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

διὸ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην

dio elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn

therefore it was credited to him as righteousness

B · D* · F · G · it^f · it^g · syrsch · cop · arm

SBLGNT

Alternative 1

διὸ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην

dio kai elogisthē autō eis dikaiosynēn

therefore also it was credited to him as righteousness

ℵ · A · C · Dc · E · K · L · P · it^d · it^e · vg · syr^p · Origen (Lat.) · Euthalius · Theodoret · John of Damascus · Ambrosiaster

NA28 🔒︎WHTregByzTR

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: διὸ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Confidence: low (team scale)
Significance: minor
Byz / TR: διὸ καὶ ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην — open RP2018

Print SBLGNT's διό with low confidence. Tischendorf 8, WH, Treg, and NA28 print διὸ καί, and ℵ A C with most witnesses support it; that is the main alternative. B and the Western witnesses have the shorter text, and the base text is kept because both readings are early and the internal evidence cuts both ways. The sense is the same: διό draws the conclusion from Abraham's faith in 4:18–21 that "it was credited to him as righteousness" (Gen 15:6).

Evidence

6 sources

Editions (checked 2026-10-30): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: as in STYLE_GUIDE §2.3. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); * = first hand, superscript ᶜ (stored as c, e.g. Dc) = a later corrector (Tischendorf's notation); full key in src.tischendorf-8. Minuscules whose Gregory–Aland number is not verified are summarized, not listed. Tischendorf names mainly dissenting witnesses, so some majuscules on the other side are inferred from his silence.

SBLGNT omits καί; WH, Treg, NA28, RP2018, TR, and Tischendorf 8 (p. 384) have it.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 384, leaf n391): διὸ καί: ℵ A C Dc E K L P and apparently all others, the Latin d e and vg, syr^p, Origen (Lat.), Euthalius, Theodoret, John of Damascus, Ambrosiaster. διό alone: B D* F G, the Latin f g, syrsch, cop, arm. Lachmann bracketed καί.

Internal: διὸ καί is a common Pauline link (Rom 15:22; 2 Cor 1:20; 4:13; 5:9), so καί may be original and dropped as redundant; it may also have been added to match that usage.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 4:22 — διό / διὸ καί

Rom 4:22 · reading in

Witnesses by century

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