Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 9:32 — ἐξ ἔργων / ἐξ ἔργων νόμου

Rom 9:32 · reading in

διὰ τί; ὅτι οὐκ ἐκ πίστεως ἀλλ’ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων· προσέκοψαν τῷ λίθῳ τοῦ προσκόμματος,

BSB: “Why not? Because their pursuit was not by faith, but as if it were by works. They stumbled over the stumbling stone,”

SBLGNT: SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT Apparatus sigla removed for display. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων

allʼ hōs ex ergōn

but as if by works

ℵ* · A · B · F · G · it^f · it^g · vg · cop · Origen (Lat.) · Ambrosiaster · Augustine · Jerome

SBLGNTNA28 🔒︎WHTreg

Alternative 1

ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων νόμου

allʼ hōs ex ergōn nomou

but as if by works of the law

ℵc · D · E · K · L · P · it^d · it^e · go · syrsch · syr^p · arm · Chrysostom · Theodore of Mopsuestia · Theodoret · John of Damascus

ByzTR

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων
Confidence: medium (team scale)
Significance: minor
Byz / TR: ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων νόμου — open RP2018

Print the shorter text with medium confidence: ℵ* A B F G, f g vg, and the Coptic, and the likelihood that νόμου was added from Paul's usual phrase. Implies The sense is the same in either reading: the "works" are those of the law Israel pursued (νόμον, 9:31; compare 3:20, 28). Uncertain Whether the shorter text also lets "works" stand more broadly for human doing; this record leans to the narrower sense, since 9:31 names the law. The alternative rests on Paul's use of bare ἔργα for human effort in general (4:2, 6; 9:11–12). On "works" here see note.exegetical.Rom.3.27-Rom.3.31.boasting-excluded (L23(d)).

Evidence

6 sources

Editions (checked 2026-11-04): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: as in STYLE_GUIDE §2.3; corrector notation and full key in src.tischendorf-8. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); those not verified are counted, not listed. Witnesses are listed only where Tischendorf names them.

SBLGNT, NA28, WH, Treg, and Tischendorf 8 (p. 416) read ἀλλʼ ὡς ἐξ ἔργων; RP2018 and TR add νόμου. RP2018 and TR also add γάρ after προσέκοψαν here, δικαιοσύνης after εἰς νόμον in 9:31, and πᾶς in 9:33; each is a separate box-line unit.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 416, leaf n423): as listed in the readings; the first also has the text of 1908 (Tisch. 47) and three more minuscules, the second most others.

Internal: the longer text matches Paul's full phrase ἐξ ἔργων νόμου (3:20, 28; Gal 2:16), which copyists could easily supply; no reason appears for dropping it.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 9:32 — ἐξ ἔργων / ἐξ ἔργων νόμου

Rom 9:32 · reading in

Witnesses by century

Romans

Views · Rom 9:32