Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 9:5 — punctuation: σάρκα, ὁ ὤν … / σάρκα. ὁ ὤν … / πάντων. θεός …

Rom 9:5 · reading in

ὧν οἱ πατέρες, καὶ ἐξ ὧν ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας· ἀμήν.

BSB: “Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them proceeds the human descent of Christ, who is God over all, forever worthy of praise! Amen.”

SBLGNT: SBL Greek New Testament (SBLGNT). Copyright 2010 by the Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Source: https://github.com/LogosBible/SBLGNT Apparatus sigla removed for display. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας

ho christos to kata sarka, ho ōn epi pantōn, theos eulogētos eis tous aiōnas

the Christ according to the flesh, who is over all, God blessed forever

Irenaeus (Lat.) · Hippolytus · Tertullian · Novatian · Origen (Lat.) · Cyprian · Athanasius · Epiphanius · Gregory of Nyssa · Theodoret · John of Damascus · Hilary · Augustine · Ambrosiaster

SBLGNTByzWH

Alternative 1

ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα. ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας

ho christos to kata sarka. ho ōn epi pantōn theos eulogētos eis tous aiōnas

the Christ according to the flesh. God who is over all be blessed forever

C · L · 1908

Alternative 2

ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων. θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας

ho christos to kata sarka, ho ōn epi pantōn. theos eulogētos eis tous aiōnas

the Christ according to the flesh, who is over all. God be blessed forever

Tischendorf 8 names only one minuscule with a stop after πάντων; its Gregory–Aland number is not verified, so it is not listed.

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας
Confidence: medium (team scale)
Significance: meaning
Byz / TR: ὁ χριστὸς τὸ κατὰ σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας — open RP2018

Uncertain This record leans to the first reading, a clause describing Christ. Grounds: ὁ ὤν naturally refers back to the noun before it (compare 2 Cor 11:31); an independent blessing normally puts εὐλογητός first (2 Cor 1:3; Eph 1:3); τὸ κατὰ σάρκα invites a contrast with what Christ is beyond the flesh; and the Fathers Tischendorf lists, Calvin (on 9:1–5), and Wesley (pp. 402–403) read it so. Sanday and Headlam adopt it "with slight, but only slight, hesitation" (pp. 233–238). The second reading, a separate blessing of God (Tischendorf; the WH margin), rests on Paul's habit of blessing God (1:25) and on the view that he nowhere else plainly calls Christ θεός. The third, a stop after πάντων, is Sanday and Headlam's option (d) (p. 233). Christ's deity does not rest on this verse alone (John 1:1, 18; Phil 2:6; Titus 2:13).

Evidence

11 sources

Sigla: STYLE_GUIDE §2.3; corrector notation and key in src.tischendorf-8. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers (Tischendorf's number once, "Tisch."); unverified ones are counted, not listed.

Editions, as printed (checked 2026-11-04): SBLGNT and RP2018 (local files): commas after σάρκα and after πάντων, then θεὸς εὐλογητός (SBLGNT ends αἰῶνας· ἀμήν., RP2018 αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.). WH (p. 365, image): text σάρκα, ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων, θεὸς; margin σάρκα· ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεὸς. Tischendorf 8 (p. 410, image): a full stop after σάρκα, no comma after πάντων. TR (local Scrivener file): unpunctuated, so not mapped. So SBLGNT, RP2018, and the WH text give the first reading; the WH margin and Tischendorf 8 the second; none prints the third.

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 412, leaf n419): ℵ A B have no punctuation here. C L, 1908 (Tisch. 47), and one more minuscule stop after σάρκα; one minuscule after πάντων, one after θεός. Tischendorf cites Eusebius against the Fathers listed (pp. 410–411). The NPNF editor states that the copies of Chrysostom's homily here end the verse as a doxology, though elsewhere he quotes "over all, God" (NPNF¹ 11, p. 462 n. 2); this is the editor's claim, not evidence for the second reading.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0 WH public domain Chrysostom, Hom. Rom. (NPNF¹ 11) public domain Calvin, Romans (Owen) public domain Wesley, Notes NT (1755) public domain Sanday–Headlam, Romans (ICC) public domain