The greeting and the rescue

Says The letter opens Παῦλος ἀπόστολος (Paulos apostolos, “Paul, an apostle”), then two negative phrases: οὐκ ἀπ’ ἀνθρώπων (ouk ap’ anthrōpōn, “not from men”) and οὐδὲ δι’ ἀνθρώπου (oude di’ anthrōpou, “nor through a man”). The BSB reads “sent not from men nor by man”; the participle “sent” is supplied in English. The positive clause is one διὰ over “Jesus Christ and God the Father”, “who raised Him from the dead”. Grace and peace come from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ. The printed Greek has καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν (kai kyriou hēmōn, “and our Lord”); the BSB follows the order with “our” after “Father” (see καὶ κυρίου ἡμῶν / ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου). Christ “gave Himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father”.

Implies A single preposition joins Jesus Christ and God the Father as the one channel of the commission, against any human source or go-between. The same contrast returns in 1:11–12. The wording of the greeting and of the rescue is treated in the language notes and is not taken up again here. On ἀπόστολος, see κλητὸς ἀπόστολος ἀφωρισμένος: "called apostle, set apart".

Says The persons are real: Paul writes, and God raised Jesus from the dead. The gift of Christ and the Father’s will are stated in 1:4 and taken up in the note on that verse.