Amanuensis, companions, and the doxology (16:21–27)

Says Timothy, Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater send greetings, with Tertius, who wrote the letter, Gaius the host of Paul and of the whole church, Erastus the city οἰκονόμος (oikonomos, “steward”), and Quartus (16:21–23).

Implies Who wrote the letter shows that Tertius is the amanuensis and that this greeting is in his own name.

Uncertain Identifying Erastus or Gaius with others of those names is not settled here. No lean is taken here.

Uncertain Two units stay separate. SBLGNT, RP, and TR print the grace Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν, with Amen, as 16:24; WH, Treg, and NA28 omit that verse, and Tischendorf also omits it (var.Rom.16.24.charis). SBLGNT does not print 16:25–27; it closes 16:24 with Amen. WH, Treg, NA28, and TR place the doxology at 16:25–27; RP places it after 14:23, not here (var.Rom.16.25.doxology; var.Rom.14.23.doxology). Editorial decision: follow the SBLGNT running text, printing 16:24 and not printing the doxology at 16:25–27. The wording of that doxology, where it is printed, ascribes glory to the God who can strengthen them by Paul’s gospel, and it resumes “obedience of faith” (Rom 1:5) and “mystery” (Rom 11:25). Historical placement, and whether the doxology is original to the letter, remain unsettled. RP’s plural verb at 16:21 and its word order at 16:23 are minor.