πάντα συνεργεῖ … οὓς προέγνω, καὶ προώρισεν (8:28–30)

Says For those who love God, πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν (panta synergei eis agathon, 8:28), "who are called according to His purpose" (BSB; πρόθεσις, lex.G4286). On the added ὁ θεός see var.Rom.8.28.ho-theos.

Uncertain The subject of συνεργεῖ. This note leans to God, "God works all things together" (BSB): τὸν θεόν (ton theon) precedes, his purpose follows, and Abbott-Smith allows the transitive use (lex.G4903). The alternative is πάντα as subject, "all things work together," the verb's usual intransitive use.

Implies The "good" is conformity to Christ: 8:29 (ὅτι, hoti, "for") names it, συμμόρφους τῆς εἰκόνος τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (symmorphous tēs eikonos tou huiou autou, "conformed to the image of His Son," BSB; lex.G4832).

Says God foreknew, predestined, called, justified, and glorified (8:29–30), each verb aorist and each group taken up by the next, so the chain is certain.

Uncertain Whether προέγνω (proegnō) means a relational choice or prior knowledge, and how election works; no team lean. Reformed: individual and unconditional, since the objects are persons (οὕς, hous, "those whom"; compare 11:2; Amos 3:2) (Calvin; Hodge; Westminster Confession 3.5). Arminian and Wesleyan: predestination follows foreknowledge of those who believe, since προγινώσκω (proginōskō) elsewhere means knowing beforehand (Acts 26:5; 2 Pet 3:17) (Wesley). Corporate: God chose a people in Christ, as he chose Israel, and individuals share it in him (the plurals; "many brothers," 8:29). All three affirm grace and human responsibility. See note.exegetical.Rom.8.28-Rom.8.30.how-election-works; Rom 9–11 and Eph 1 will carry more.