τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ζωή … πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας … Αββα ὁ πατήρ (8:9–17)

Says God's Spirit οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν (oikei en hymin, "lives in you"), and anyone without the Spirit of Christ "does not belong to Christ" (8:9, BSB; lex.G3611; for 8:11 see var.Rom.8.11.dia-pneumatos).

Uncertain τὸ δὲ πνεῦμα ζωή (to de pneuma zōē, 8:10). This note leans to the Holy Spirit, "the Spirit is life": ζωή is a noun, not "alive," and πνεῦμα in 8:9 and 8:11 is God's Spirit. The alternative is the believer's own spirit, "your spirit is alive" (BSB), set against τὸ σῶμα (to sōma, "the body") in the same verse.

Says εἰ δὲ πνεύματι τὰς πράξεις τοῦ σώματος θανατοῦτε, ζήσεσθε (ei de pneumati tas praxeis tou sōmatos thanatoute, zēsesthe): "if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live" (8:13, BSB). Implies This is real duty, not a condition that earns life: the dative πνεύματι makes the Spirit the means, and life is God's gift (6:23).

Says πνεῦμα υἱοθεσίας (huiothesias, 8:15): adoption, a word found in the NT only in Paul (lex.G5206). In that Spirit κράζομεν, Αββα ὁ πατήρ (Abba ho patēr), the Aramaic word for "father" followed by the Greek, as in Mark 14:36 and Gal 4:6 (lex.G5). The Spirit συμμαρτυρεῖ (symmartyrei, "testifies with," or "to"; see note.exegetical.Rom.8.14-Rom.8.17.adoption-and-heirs) our spirit that we are τέκνα θεοῦ (tekna theou), "God’s children" (8:16, BSB), and so heirs and συγκληρονόμοι Χριστοῦ (synklēronomoi Christou), "co-heirs with Christ," if we suffer with him (8:17; lex.G4789; lex.G2818).