Manuscript lens · variant unit

Deut 32:43 — opening call: nations (MT) / heavens, then nations with his people (LXX)

Deut 32:43 · reading in

הַרְנִ֤ינוּ גוֹיִם֙ עַמּ֔וֹ כִּ֥י דַם־עֲבָדָ֖יו יִקּ֑וֹם וְנָקָם֙ יָשִׁ֣יב לְצָרָ֔יו וְכִפֶּ֥ר אַדְמָת֖וֹ עַמּֽוֹ׃פ

BSB: “Rejoice, O heavens, with Him, and let all God’s angels worship Him. Rejoice, O nations, with His people; for He will avenge the blood of His children. He will take vengeance on His adversaries and repay those who hate Him; He will cleanse His land and His people.”

WLC · OSHB: Original work of the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible available at https://github.com/openscriptures/morphhb (lemma and morphology: CC BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Westminster Leningrad Codex text: public domain. · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

הַרְנִינוּ גוֹיִם עַמּוֹ

harninu goyim 'ammo

make his people rejoice, O nations (or: rejoice, O nations, his people)

MT · Tg. Onq.

MTWLC

Alternative 1

εὐφράνθητε, οὐρανοί, ἅμα αὐτῷ … εὐφράνθητε, ἔθνη, μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ

euphranthēte, ouranoi, hama autō … euphranthēte, ethnē, meta tou laou autou

rejoice, O heavens, with him … rejoice, O nations, with his people

LXX (Swete, vol. 1 p. 414, page-checked)

LXX

Alternative 2

not verified from a checked source; IAA plate reference only

4QDeutq (4Q44; IAA pl. 676)

DSS

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: הַרְנִינוּ גוֹיִם עַמּוֹ
Confidence: low (team scale)
Significance: meaning

Editorial decision: print the MT's single call to the nations; the named alternative is the LXX's longer form with the call to the heavens.

Reason (MT kept against the older Greek): the verified Hebrew witnesses (MT, Onqelos) have one call; the LXX's longer form is older but its Hebrew cannot be fixed from the Greek alone, and the scroll evidence is unverified here, so there is age without breadth. Confidence low.

Evidence

7 sources

MT (WLC): הַרְנִינוּ גוֹיִם עַמּוֹ, four lines in all. Onqelos: שַׁבָּחוּ עַמְמַיָא עַמֵהּ ("give praise, O peoples, his people"), also four lines.

LXX (Swete, page-checked): eight lines, opening εὐφράνθητε, οὐρανοί, ἅμα αὐτῷ and later εὐφράνθητε, ἔθνη, μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ.

4QDeutq (4Q44): listed as a witness; its reading is not verified from a checked source; IAA plate reference only (IAA pl. 676, src.iaa-lldss). Published reports of its land-and-people verb disagree (ויכפר / וכפר; see var.Deut.32.43.land-people), which is why it stays unverified here. DJD XIV is the edition of record (reference-only; cited by volume, no page checked). Nothing here relies on it.

External: the LXX is older; Onqelos follows the MT. Internal: the longer text pairs the heavens with the nations; the MT could have lost a line by eye-skip if its Hebrew had similar openings (as the Greek's repeated εὐφράνθητε suggests), or the Greek could have expanded. Both are possible. Colon 3's μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ ("with his people") differs from the MT, where עַמּוֹ is the object; the BSB follows the Greek.

Display note: the BSB follows the longer Greek in cola 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 ("Rejoice, O heavens, with Him" … "Rejoice, O nations, with His people"). See also note.textual.Deut.32.43.minor-variants.

OSHB CC BY 4.0 Onq. public domain LXX (Swete) CC BY-SA 4.0 BSB public domain Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0 🔒︎ Leon Levy DSS Digital Library Copyrighted 🔒︎ DJD Copyrighted

Quotations from LXX (Swete) are used under CC BY-SA 4.0 · Credits

Deut 32:43 — opening call: nations (MT) / heavens, then nations with his people (LXX)

Deut 32:43 · reading in

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Deuteronomy

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