Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 14:9 — ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν / ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔζησεν / ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἀνέζησεν

Rom 14:9 · reading in

εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ Χριστὸς καὶ ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἀνέζησεν ἵνα καὶ νεκρῶν καὶ ζώντων κυριεύσῃ

BSB: “For this reason Christ died and returned to life, that He might be the Lord of both the dead and the living.”

TR · Scrivener 1894: F. H. A. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (1894); public domain. Accents: "STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Accents rebuilt by AISBT from STEP Bible TAGNT (data). · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν

apethanen kai ezēsen

he died and lived

ℵ* · A · B · C · cop · arm · aeth · Origen (Lat.) · Cyril of Jerusalem · Chrysostom · John of Damascus

SBLGNTWHTregNA28 🔒︎

Alternative 1

ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔζησεν

apethanen kai anestē kai ezēsen

he died and rose and lived

ℵc · Db · L · P · syr^p (Tischendorf) · Ephraem · Theophylact · Oecumenius

Byz

Alternative 2

ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἀνέζησεν

apethanen kai anestē kai anezēsen

he died and rose and lived again

Theodoret

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν
Confidence: high (team scale)
Significance: meaning
Byz / TR: ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔζησεν — open RP2018

Editorial decision: print ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν with SBLGNT, WH, Treg, and NA28. Confidence high: the shorter form has early Greek and versional support; the longer forms look like expansions with resurrection language. Says On every reading, Christ died and lives, that he might be Lord of the dead and the living. RP and TR are not treated as one form here.

Evidence

7 sources

Editions: SBLGNT; RP2018 (Byz); Scrivener 1894 (TR). WH, Treg, and NA28 alignment follows the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 is cited by reference only. Sigla: corrector notation follows Tischendorf, as explained in src.tischendorf-8.

Three edition readings are kept apart. The SBLGNT apparatus simplifies the unit as ἀπέθανεν / + καὶ ἀνέστη and does not record ἀνέζησεν against ἔζησεν. RP reads ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔζησεν; TR (Scrivener 1894) reads ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἀνέζησεν, and also has καί after Χριστός (a box line below).

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 439, leaf n446 (novumtestamentum02tisc)): the octava prints καὶ ἔζησεν, continuing a lemma Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν. ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν with ℵ* A B C, cop arm aeth, Origen Lat., Cyril of Jerusalem, Chrysostom in one place, Cyril of Alexandria in several places, Damascene, and Anastasius. ς (= Griesbach, Scholz) reads ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἀνέζησεν with some minuscules, the Syriac (Schaaf) (mortuus est et revixit et resurrexit), and Theodoret. ℵc Db L P and far more others, the Peshitta, Ephraem, Chrysostom in one place, Theophylact, and Oecumenius read ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔζησεν. F G, f g vg, and some fathers are cited for ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη (and one note of ἀνέζησεν); D* and Dc, E, d*, e, Irenaeus Lat., and Gaudentius have ἔζησεν καὶ ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη. Those mixed forms are not assigned to the three edition readings. Latin support is semantic evidence for “rose” or “lived again,” not identification of the exact Greek verbs.

Minor variants (box line; same page): 14:9 Χριστὸς / Χριστὸς καί: without καί, ℵ* A B C* D* (and Dc) E F G P and others, f g vg, cop arm aeth, and several fathers, with SBLGNT, WH, Treg, NA28; ς adds καί with ℵc C³ Db L and far more others, some Latin, both Syriac versions, and RP and TR.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 WH public domain RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 14:9 — ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν / ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἔζησεν / ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἀνέστη καὶ ἀνέζησεν

Rom 14:9 · reading in

Witnesses by century

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