Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 3:28 — λογιζόμεθα γάρ / λογιζόμεθα οὖν

Rom 3:28 · reading in

λογιζόμεθα οὖν πίστει δικαιοῦσθαι ἄνθρωπον χωρὶς ἔργων νόμου

BSB: “For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the law.”

TR · Scrivener 1894: F. H. A. Scrivener, The New Testament in the Original Greek according to the Text followed in the Authorised Version (1894); public domain. Accents: "STEP Bible" (https://www.STEPBible.org). Data created by www.STEPBible.org based on work at Tyndale House Cambridge, CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Accents rebuilt by AISBT from STEP Bible TAGNT (data). · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

λογιζόμεθα γάρ

logizometha gar

for we maintain

ℵ · A · D* · E · F · G · 1908 (Tisch. 47) · 436 (Tisch. 80) · it^d · it^e · it^f · it^g · vg · cop · arm · Origen (Lat.) · John of Damascus · Ambrosiaster · Augustine

SBLGNTNA28 🔒︎WHTreg

Alternative 1

λογιζόμεθα οὖν

logizometha oun

therefore we maintain

B · C · Dc · K · L · P · syr · Chrysostom · Theodoret · Euthalius · Theophylact · Oecumenius

ByzTR

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: λογιζόμεθα γάρ
Confidence: medium (team scale)
Significance: translation
Byz / TR: λογιζόμεθα οὖν — open RP2018

Print γάρ with medium confidence. ℵ A and the Western witnesses, with the Latin and Coptic versions, outweigh B C and the Byzantine text, and γάρ suits the argument. Either way 3:28 states that a person is justified by faith apart from works of the law.

Evidence

6 sources

Editions (checked 2026-10-29): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: as in STYLE_GUIDE §2.3. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); * = first hand, superscript ᶜ (stored as c, e.g. Dc) = a later corrector (Tischendorf's notation); full key in src.tischendorf-8. Minuscules whose Gregory–Aland number is not verified are summarized, not listed. Tischendorf names mainly dissenting witnesses, so some majuscules on the other side are inferred from his silence.

SBLGNT, WH, Treg and NA28 read γάρ; RP2018 and TR read οὖν. Tischendorf's text prints γάρ. The word order of the clause is a separate unit (var.Rom.3.28.pistei-order).

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 379, leaf n386): γάρ: ℵ A D* E F G, 1908, 436 and eight further minuscules, the Latin d e f g and vg, cop, arm (aeth), Origen (Lat.), John of Damascus, Ambrosiaster, Augustine. οὖν: B C Dc K L P and most others, both Syriac versions, Chrysostom, Theodoret, Euthalius, Theophylact, Oecumenius.

Internal: with γάρ, 3:28 gives the ground of 3:27 (boasting is excluded because justification is by faith). With οὖν it draws the conclusion of 3:21–27. οὖν may echo 3:27 Ποῦ οὖν.

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0

Rom 3:28 — λογιζόμεθα γάρ / λογιζόμεθα οὖν

Rom 3:28 · reading in

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