Manuscript lens · variant unit

Rom 8:28 — συνεργεῖ / συνεργεῖ ὁ θεός

Rom 8:28 · reading in

Byzantine · RP2018 text for Rom 8:28 is not in the library yet.

BSB: “And we know that God works all things together for the good of those who love Him, who are called according to His purpose.”

Byzantine · RP2018: Maurice A. Robinson and William G. Pierpont, The New Testament in the Original Greek: Byzantine Textform 2018. Public domain (Unlicense). · BSB (public domain)

Printed reading

πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν

panta synergei eis agathon

all things work together for good

ℵ · C · D · F · G · K · L · P · vg · syrsch · syr^p · cop · arm · Clement · Origen · Origen (Lat.) · Eusebius · Cyril of Jerusalem · Chrysostom · Cyril (catena) · Theodoret · John of Damascus · Lucifer · Augustine

SBLGNTNA28 🔒︎TregByzTR

Alternative 1

πάντα συνεργεῖ ὁ θεὸς εἰς ἀγαθόν

panta synergei ho theos eis agathon

God works all things together for good

A · B · Origen

Witnesses by century

Witness-dates timeline: pending sourcing. The dates are not yet backed by a sourced witness registry, so the timeline is hidden; the witnesses for each reading are listed above.

Decision

✓ Approved

Printed: πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν
Confidence: medium (team scale)
Significance: translation
Byz / TR: πάντα συνεργεῖ εἰς ἀγαθόν — open RP2018

Print without ὁ θεός, with medium confidence: the wide spread of the shorter text and the explanatory look of the addition, against the weight of A B. The BSB's "God works all things together" gives the sense of the longer text or of the transitive reading. In each, the good belongs to those "called according to His purpose" (BSB); see πάντα συνεργεῖ … οὓς προέγνω, καὶ προώρισεν (8:28–30).

Evidence

8 sources

Editions (checked 2026-11-01): SBLGNT, RP2018, TR (local files); WH/Treg/NA28 from the SBLGNT apparatus; NA28 by reference only. Sigla: corrector notation and full key in src.tischendorf-8. Minuscules are Gregory–Aland numbers, with Tischendorf's Pauline number once in parentheses ("Tisch."); those not verified are counted, not listed. Witnesses are listed only where Tischendorf names them.

SBLGNT, NA28, Treg, RP2018, TR, and Tischendorf 8 (p. 405) read συνεργεῖ without ὁ θεός; WH adds it (Lachmann also printed it).

Manuscripts (Tischendorf 8, vol. 2 (1872), p. 405, leaf n412): without: ℵ C D F G K L P and apparently all others, vg, both Syriac versions, cop arm, Clement, Origen, Origen (Lat.), Eusebius, Cyril of Jerusalem, Chrysostom, Cyril (catena), Theodoret, John of Damascus, Lucifer, Augustine, and many more. With ὁ θεός: A B, and Origen in two places. aeth paraphrases with "the Lord" as the one who helps. Papyrus 46, published after Tischendorf, is not in his apparatus and is not listed here.

Internal: ὁ θεός makes explicit who acts, since τὸν θεόν stands earlier in the verse. Without it, πάντα may be the subject ("all things work together") or God may be the understood subject with πάντα as object ("he works all things together"); Abbott-Smith allows both (συνεργέω).

SBLGNT CC BY 4.0 RP2018 Unlicense TR (Scrivener 1894) public domain Tischendorf⁸ public domain 🔒︎ NA28 Copyrighted Bible Scholarship & Tool CC BY 4.0 Abbott-Smith public domain BSB public domain

Rom 8:28 — συνεργεῖ / συνεργεῖ ὁ θεός

Rom 8:28 · reading in

Witnesses by century

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